Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PULMONARA
DIAGNOSTIC
RADIOLOGIC /
IMAGISTIC
Patologie bronsica
I.DISPLAZII CHISTICE
II.B.P.O.C.
III.BRONSIECTAZII
IV.BRONHOCEL
V.MUCOVISCIDOZA
VI.CORPI STRAINI TRAHEO-BRONSICI
VII.CANCER BRONHO-PULMONAR
I.Displazii
chistice
Definitie: malformatii congenitale ale mugurelui bronsic
terminal (bronsiolar).
CHISTUL SOLITAR
POLICHISTOZA: segmentara, lobara, pulmonara
Descriere radiologica:
- hipertransparenta rotund-ovalara;
- perete fin;
-
Patologie bronsica
Tomografii plane
Plamin polichistic
Boala segmentara
CHISTURI AERIENE
MULTIPLE
CHISTURI
AERIENE:
MULTIPLE,
ABCEDATE
II.B.P.O.C.
1.BRONSITA CRONICA:
Rx.standard: -desen pulm.hilio-bazal intarit;
Bronhografie:-arbore mort;dilatatii cilindrice;
-decalibrari bronsice;
-ulceratii ale gl.bronsice=>nise,spiculi
2.EMFIZEM PULMONAR:
Distensie;-hipertransparenta(ruptura pereti alveolari si
distrugerea patului capilar).
3.ASTM BR.INTRICAT(CRONIC INFECTIOS):
Inflamatie parietala;dopuri de mucus;bule de emfizem;
adesea combinatie cu 1 si 2.
BRONSITA CRONICA:bronhografii
Patologie bronsica
ULCERATII
NISE PARIETALE
BRONSITA DEFORMANTA
III.BRONSIECTAZI=dilatari bronsice
I
A).CONGENITALE:-sd.malformative complexe:
Sd.KARTAGENER: - situs inversus, etmoido-antrita(surditate)
bronsiectazii chistice
Sd.MEUNIER-KHN: - idem, fara situs inversus.
B).DOBINDITE:=>dupa BPOC;sec.altor
afectiuni
(tractiuni
parietale
Rx.standard: imagini chistice
n captul
unor liniiexterne)
clare - rozeta
Ameuille,fagure,lemn mncat de carii(cnd
bronhia este goal) i de opaciti
carii
liniare terminate n deget de mnu (cnd bronhia este plin)
-ciorchine,cordoane etc;
- bronsiectatic hilio-bazal
Bronhografia:-cilindrice;moniliforme;
ampulare;sacciforme;chistice.
Triunghiul bronsiectatic
BRONSIECTAZII
BRONSII NORMALE
BRONHOGRAFIA
IN
BRONSIECTAZII
VII.CANCER BRONOPULMONAR
Cea mai frecventa localizare;locul 1 mortalitate..!!
FUMATUL!!
Histopatologie:-epitelial epidermoid(squamos);
adenocarcinom;celula mica (oat cells);sarcom.
Anatomo-radiologic:-bronsii mari (central)
-bronsii mici (periferic)
-alveolar (rarissim).
Sediul fata de lumen:-endobronsic==>atelectazie;
-exobronsic ===>iceberg
Tomografie plana
Radiografie standard
Bronhografie
BRONHOGRAFIE(A)+TOMOGRAFIE(B)
Atelectazie in pleura libera
TOMOGRAFIE PLANA
CANCER ENDOBRONSIC
Krebs fsse
CANCER
NODULAR
PERIFERIC
A
Computer tomografie:
A).fereastra pulmon;
B).fereastra mediastin
B
ROLUL
1)EVIDENTIAZA
TUMORA:-Rx.standard,bronhografia,CT.
EX.IMAGISTICE
Aspecte:-cancer
hilar(central)endobronsic=>atelectazie
(segment,lob,pulmon);emfizem sist.
(rar);bronhografie:sten.
amputatii (STOP);dg.dif.:pneumonie;
-cancer hilar (central)exobronsic=>nodul
opac
hilar + prelungiri radiare=krebs fsse(picioare
crab) -cancer periferic,nodular=>nodul opac
gr.IIdg.dif.:adenopatie,anevrism
a.pulm.;
III,contur neregulat (prelungiri..),intensitate
mare;
dg.dif.:chist hidatic,tuberculom,hamartom.
ROLUL
EX.IMAGISTICE
2)APRECIAZA
EXTENZIA LOCO-REGIONALA
Metode:-tomogr.US ,CT,cavografia,art.pulmonara,IRMN.
Aspecte:-extenzia mediastinala=>adenopatie,sten/tromb VCS;
-extenzia parietala=>apex=>Sd.Pancoast-Tobias;
-extenzia lobara=>cancer lobar (lobita carcinomat)
-invazie pericard=>pericardita=>eco-cardiografia !
3)EVIDENTIAZA COMPLICATIILE
-necroza=>excavare=>suprainfectia;
-invazia costala,pleurala
4)DECELEAZA METASTAZELE
-OS=>scintigr.Tc99;CREER=>IRMN,CT;FICAT,SR=>US
Sd.PANCOAST-TOBIAS
CANCER BRONHO-PULMONAR:extenzie parietala
CANCER BRONHO-PULMONAR
Aprecierea
extenziei
mediastinale
prin CT
VCS
AP
AD
VD
PNEUMOPATII
INFLAMATORII
I.ACUTE:
-BACTERIENE:
-BACTERIENE SUPURATIVE;
-VIRALE (ATIPICE);
II.CRONICE:-TUBERCULOZA;
inflamat.
I.PNEUMONII MICROBIENE
(..franca lobara).
Etiologie:-infectia cu pneumococ,streptococ,etc.
Histoppatologie:-sd.de umplere alveolara=>4-5 faze:
Anatomie radiol.:=> -congestie=VOAL;(debut)
- tes.fibrino-hem<=>-hepatizatie=>BLOC PNEUMONIC
(stare) => opac,segmente,lobi;
-retur anat.patol. =>-rezorbtie:-omogena=atenuare sincrona
-neomogena=tabla sah;
-centru=>periferie;
-periferie=>centru
Complicatii:-pleurezii-para/meta-pneumonice
-abces secundar.
LATERAL
PNEUMONIE BACTERIANA LOB MEDIU
Segment axilar
FOWLER
LINGULA
FOCARE PNEUMONICE
MULTIPLE
Pneumonie bacteriana
Atelectazie:cancer endobronsic
BRONHOGRAMA AERICA
Tip I
Tip II
REZORBTIA
PNEUMONIEI
Tip III
II.BRONHOPNEUMONI
A
Etiologie:streptococ,pneumococ,Friedlander,..colibacil etc.
Etiologie:streptococ,pneumococ,Friedlander,..colibacil etc.
Frecventa max:-nou nascut,batrin,imunodeficienta (SIDA);
Histopatologie:
-nodulul bronhiolo-alveolar:-mici (acin);
-mari (lobul);
Aspecte radiologice:-grad I-II;diseminare bilat.asimetrica;
-respecta bazele si apexul;
-contur fluu (congestie);
-centru opac (bronsiola obstruata);
-confluiaza=>pseudolobar;
-asincronism evolutiv;
-asociaza emfizem bulos,travee opace;
Forme specifice:-tbc:evol.subacuta,noduli excavati=caverne
-stafilococica:-pneumatocele,complicatii
supurative (piotorax,abcese multiple);gravitate majora !
BRONHOPNEUMONIE
BRONHOPNEUMONIE
BRONHOPNEUMONIE
FORMA PSEUDOLOBARA
Nivel hidroaeric
pneumonie
pleurezie
ABCES
ABCESPULMONAR:faza
PULMONAR:faza
pre-vomica
pre-vomica
ABCES
ABCESPULMONAR
PULMONAR
SECUNDAR
SECUNDAR
ABCES
PULMONAR
IN FAZA
CRONICA
CHIRURGICAL
PNEUMOPATII ACUTE
NEBACTERIENE
PNEUMONII INTERSTITIALE,ATIPICE
Etiologie:-virusuri:-influenzae(gripa!),paragripale,adenovirus,respirat.
sincitial,,myxovirus,mycoplasma pneumoniae (ag.EATON),v.rujeolic,
bacil pertusis (tuse convulsiva),Ricketsia Burnetti,ornitoza,psittacoza
Mec.patogenic:-inf.aerogena (pic.Flge)=>bronsiolita;
infiltr.parietala br.,peribronhovascular;limfangita;
edem bronsiolar,obstructie br.;mec.supapa;atelectazii
acinare;bule de emfizem.
Aspecte Rx:-infiltrat hiliobazal: gripal Dittmar/Rupert
-aripi flutureperihilar;-reticulogranitat,noduli miliari
acinari(ateleczii acinare);bule emfizem.
Complicatii:-bronhopneumonie,pneumonie,pleurezii
mici.
PNEUMONIE
PNEUMONIEINTERSTITIALA:GRIPA
INTERSTITIALA:GRIPA
PNEUMOPATII ACUTE
INTERSTITIALE
RUJEOLA
TUSE CONVULSIVA
PNEUMOPATII
PNEUMOPATII
ACUTE
ACUTE
INTERSTITIALE:
INTERSTITIALE:
COMPLICATII
COMPLICATII
BRONHOPNEUMONIE
PNEUMONIE
SEGMENTARA
TUBERCULOZA PULMONARA
Etiologie:
Bacil Koch (BK);cale contaminare:aeriana(Flge)
CLASIFICARE:
complicatiile complexului primar: complicaii bronhice ( fistula adenobronhic; atelectazia; hiperinflaia); complicaii pleurale (pleurezie purulent),
complicaii pulmonare ( condensri inflamatorii necazeificante - substrat
exudativ de cauz alergic, apar rapid, evoueaz fr o clinic evident, dispar
repede, chiar fr medicaie -, condensri inflamatorii cazeificante -pneumonia
cazeoas cu structur neomogen, n miez de pine, datorit ulceraiilor cu
tendin la extindere i confluare -, caverna primar.
adenopatie hilar fr modificri radiologice pulmonare;
pleurezie serofibrinoas unilateral
tuberculoza primar miliar cu tendina de ocupare a cmpurilor pulmonare
superioare.
AFECT
ADENITA
LIMFANGITA
RANCKE
COMPLEX PRIMAR TUBERCULOS
COMPLEX
COMPLEXPRIMAR
PRIMARTBC
TBCCOMPLICAT:
COMPLICAT:
congestie perifocala
COMPLEX
COMPLEXPRIMAR
PRIMARTBC
TBCCOMPLICAT:
COMPLICAT:
periadenita
periadenita
ADENITA
COMPLEX
COMPLEXPRIMAR
PRIMARTBC
TBCCOMPLICAT:
COMPLICAT:
diseminarea
diseminareahematogena=
hematogena=miliara
miliaratbc
tbc
ADENITA
COMPLEX
COMPLEXPRIMAR
PRIMARTBC
TBCCOMPLICAT:
COMPLICAT:
pneumonia
cazeoasa
pneumonia cazeoasa
TUBERCULOZA SECUNDARA
1).Noduli fibrosi apico-subclaviculari:potential
ftizioapico-subclaviculari:
geni(BK dormant=>reactivare);Rx=micronoduli tip
Simon,Aschoff-Puhl,Hedwall;reactiv=>migrare s.clav.
2).Infiltratul precoce subclavicular:=alveolita exsudativa
nevindecabila spontan;Rx=nodul palid gr.II tip Assman(rotund),Fleischner(oval),Redecker(patrulater),Dufour(nebulos
)
Evolutie:necroza=>cazeificare=>excavare=>CAVERNA
Caverna recenta:racheta de tenis:infiltrat partial excavat+
bronsie drenaj inflamata;Caverna elastica: hipertransparenta
circumscrisa,ax mare orizontal,pereti supli;Caverna scleroasa:
pereti grosi,rigizi,contur neregulat,fibroza+lez combinate in jur.
FTIZIOGENEZA APICALA.
Infiltrat
precoce
ggl
NODULI
NODULIFIBROSI
FIBROSIAPICALI
APICALI=>POTENTIAL
=>POTENTIALFTIZIOGENI
FTIZIOGENI !!!!
Infiltrat in curs de
excavare
Zile..saptamini
paleta
coada
INFILTRAT
INFILTRAT PRECOCE
PRECOCE TBC==>
TBC==>
==>
==> DEBUTUL
DEBUTUL FTIZIEI..
FTIZIEI..
racheta de tenis
Tomografie
Tomografieplana
plana
TUBERCULOM
TUBERCULOMAPICAL
APICAL
DEBUT
DEBUTAL
ALFTIZIEI
FTIZIEIADULTULUI=CAVERNA..
ADULTULUI=CAVERNA..
Tomografie plana
TUBERCULOZA
TUBERCULOZACAZEOASA
CAZEOASACAVITARA
CAVITARA
Diseminare
controlaterala
FTIZIE:
FTIZIE:CAVERNA
CAVERNAGIGANTA
GIGANTA
-Sisteme de caverne
-pneumonie cazeoasa lob inf.
Tomografie
Tomografieplana
plana
Caverne+infiltrate+fibroza
Caverne+infiltrate+fibroza
TUBERCULOZA
TUBERCULOZACAZEOASA
CAZEOASACAVITARA
CAVITARA
FTIZIE;
FTIZIE;PNEUMONIE
PNEUMONIECAZEOASA
CAZEOASACAVITARA
CAVITARA
FTIZIE:DISEMINARE BRONHOPNEUMONICA
FTIZIE
FTIZIE:DISEMINARE
:DISEMINAREMILIARA
MILIARAIN
IN
TUBERCULOZA
TUBERCULOZASECUNDARA
SECUNDARA