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IDP – genetic
IDS – cause cunoscute: malnutritie, infectii cronice, DZ, neoplazii, radio/chimioterapie
Frecventa IDP
Mecanism genetic
1. Loss of function – majoritatea – sdr. NEMO
2. Gain of function –
Clasificare IDP
Partial – umoral sau cellular
Total – umoral si cellular
IUIS
Deficit imun predominat umoral
Deficit imun predominant cellular
Combinate
Functie fagocitara
System complement
Defecte imunitate innascuta – receptori toll like
Anomalii ale reglarii immune
Agamaglobulinemia Burton
X-linkata, AR – aproape exclusive la barbate
Mutatie BTK -> limfocitele B raman in stadiul de pre limfocite B
LB<1%, IgA, IgM, IgG absente , absenta plasmocite
X foliculi limfoizi si centrii germinative gg limfatici
Infectii bacteriene recurente, severe, infectii enetrovirale, x t. limfoid, autoimunitate
CVID
~bolii Bruton, less severe
Decada 3-4 de viata
Grup heterogrn
Mutatii receptor de activare LB (TACI)
Majoritate cazuri – spontan
Infectii bacteriene severe, recurente, afectiuni autoimmune, boli limfoproliferative, boala
granulomatoasa
Citopenii, splenomegalie, enteropatie, autoimunitate
IgG, IgM, IgA ---
N/--- LB
Uneori si --- LT -> raspuns redus
Deficit al uneia sau mai multe clase de IgG – IgG total normal
Deficit specific de Ac – nivele serice de Ig normale, LB normae – imun specific umoral alterat –
raspuns slab la vaccinare
Sdr. HiperIgM – nivele normale IgG si IgA, nivele +++ de IgM, nr N/+++ LB, raspuns --- lymph T
Infectii recurente
SCID
- Congenital
- Limfopenie marcata
- --- functie lymh B+T
- Mereu letale
- Infectii recidivante si cronice
- Manifesta dupa primele zile de nastere, supravietuirea la un an rara
- Transfuzii de sange – letale – recatie acuta gazda contra grefa
- Tesutul limfoid poate sa lipseasca de tot
- X reactii immune celulare, X ACs
- Tratament – transplant de maduva hematogena de la un geaman sau un haploidentic din
familie
- Terapie genica – ADA pe retrovirus (risc de leucemie)/ adenovirusvector
Sdr. Wiskott Aldrich
- X-linked recessive
- ECZEMA + PURPURA TROMBOCITOPENICA + SUSCEPTIBILITATE LA INFECTII
- Deficit LB, LT, trombocite
- ---IgM, IgG N, IgA si IgE +++
- ---LT
Ataxia Teleangiectazia
- Degect genetic ATM – reparare DNA
- ABSENTA SELECTIVA IgA, ---IgE, ---IgGt / IgG2
- LTCD4+ -> scad (cele CD8+ nu scad)
- Debut 2-3 ani -> convulsii
- Moarte prin complicatii infectioase sau neoplazii cutanate
Sdr Job – HiperIgE
- IgE > 2000 UI/ml
- Defect genetic STAT3
- Facies leonine, eczema, ostoeporoza, fracturi patologice, scolioza, intarziere schimbare
dentititie primara
- Susceptibilitate +++ la infectii – abcese pulmonare si cutanate
Angioedem ereditar
- Deficit C1- inhibitor esteraza
- Modificari gena SERPING 1 (AD)
- Crize de angioedema – laryngeal grav
- Crize – consum complement - ---C4
- Modifica si sistemul BK-angiotensina (C-1NH este inhibitor) – tratament cu ICATIBANT (- R de
BK) sau ECLANTIDE (-kalicreina)
- AcMo anti kalicreina – Lanadelumab
- Episoade acute + profilactic – rC1-INH recombinant
Deficit componente faza precoce ( C1,2,4)
- Sdr. Lupus-like, afectiuni autoimmune
- C2- infectii sinopulmonare recurente
Deficit componenta faza tardiva (C5-9)
- Infectii cu N. meningiditis, sepsis, artrita gonococica
Defecte cai alternative ( factori B,D, properdina) – infectii cu Neisseria
Alte defecte
- Mutatii TLR3 – encefalita cu HSV
- Defecte cale Il-12/IFNy – infectii cu micobacterii
Explorari paraclinice
1. Hemoleucograma
2. Functie pulmonara
3. Nivel seric Ig
4. Sinteza ACs – ID umorala
a. Raspuns Ac specifici la Ag proteice – crestere de cel putin 4x titru ACs fata de
normal – adecvat
b. Raspuns umoral la Ag polizaharidice
5. Imunofenotipare limfocitara – LB, LT, NK
6. Functie neutrofile – testul burst pt boala granulomatoasa cronica
7. Evaluare system complement – determinare activitate C total heemolitic + factori reglatori
8. Alte teste – genetice – DiGeorge, SCID, hiperIgM, IPEX