PASTEURELOZELE

MAMIFERELOR
Sunt un grup de boli cu evolutie obisnuit epizootica
determinate de bacterii din GENUL PASTEURELLA
(Pasteurella multocida, P canis, P. anatis …
Mannheimia haemolytica fosta P. haemolytica,
Bibersteinia trechalosi fosta P. trechalosi).

Pasteurella multocida
ME - Inst. for Animal Health, Compton, UK
I. DIAGNOSTICUL PREZUMTIV:

EPIDEMIOLOGIE:

Receptivitate:
Receptivitate iepuri, taurine, bubaline, suine, ovine, cal,
caine, iak, zebra, bizon, camila, zimbru, cerb, mistret,
sobolan etc.
Surse de infectie:
infectie
- animalele bolnave si cadavrele lor;
- urina, fecalele, sangele, carnea, organe etc. care, in
mediu, creaza surse secundare.
secundare
Factori de risc: portajul, factorii de stres,
stres varsta,
specializarea productiva, sezonul, conditiile meteo-
climatice.
 Cai si modalitati de transmitere:
transmitere
- boala de portaj - autoinfectie
- digestiva
- respiratorie

Dinamica epidemiologică:
epidemiologică
- sporadica;
- enzootii explozive in sezoanele cu oscilatii termice
si de umiditate;
- enzootico-epizootica, cu pronuntata
contagiozitate la iepure.
iepure
TABLOUL CLINIC SI LEZIONAL:

BOVINE:
a. tabloul clinic:
→ forma supraacuta (septicemica): evolutie rapida de 6 – 12
ore;
→ forma acuta (septicemica, edematoasa): guster (edem
subcutanat in regiunea salbei, regiunea pectorala), cu
evolutie de 1 – 2 zile;
→ forma subacuta (pectorala, pulmonara) cu semne
respiratorii de bronhopneumonie (jetaj si dispnee) si
evolutie de 4 – 8 zile;
→ forma cronica (enterica) cu stare subfebrila, semne
respiratorii si digestive, cu evolutie de cateva luni.
b. tabloul lezional:
- hemoragii pe seroase, in limfonoduri, edeme, pleurita,
bronhopneumonie fibrinoasa sau fibrino-necrotica,
pericardita fibrinoasa („cord paros”).
 (a) bronhopneumonie cranioventrală
Inset (b) : (H&E, original magnification 20x) Left apical lobe. Severe bronchiolo-
pneumonia. Large areas of collapsed and consolidated alveoli are present along
with a severe inflammatory cell infiltration. Bronchi and bronchiolar airspaces
are obliterated due to the presence of inflammatory cells and interlobular septa
are swollen and oedematous
Inset (c): Normal bronchi, inter-lobular septa and alveoli.
b c

Inset (b) : (H&E, original magnification 20x) Left apical lobe. Severe bronchiolo-
pneumonia. Large areas of collapsed and consolidated alveoli are present along
with a severe inflammatory cell infiltration. Bronchi and bronchiolar airspaces are
obliterated due to the presence of inflammatory cells and interlobular septa are
swollen and oedematous
Inset (c): Normal bronchi, inter-lobular septa and alveoli.
Classical pasteurellosis in lung of bovine. The white-yellow material is fibrin
Haemorrhagic septicemia Fibrinous bronchopneumonia - Pasteurella multocida type B
SUINE:

a. tabloul clinic:
→ forma supraacuta (septicemica), cu evolutie rapida de
12 – 24 ore;
→ forma acuta (septicemica, edematoasa) cu evolutie de
3 – 5 zile;
→ forma subacuta (pectorala, pulmonara) cu semne
respiratorii si evolutie de 6 – 8 zile;
→ forma cronica (enterica) cu stare subfebrila, semne
respiratorii si digestive (diaree) si evolutie de 3 – 6
saptamani.
b. tabloul lezional:
- este corelat cu semnele clinice; diateza hemoragica,
limfonodita hemoragica, edeme, pleurita,
bronhopneumonie fibrinoasa sau fibrino-necrotica,
pericardita fibrinoasa.
Rinita atrofica - Izolarea germenilor Pasteurella multocida si Bordetella bronchiseptica
din secretiile nazale.
Pulmon porc – leziuni de bronhopneumonie hemoragico-necrotica, din care s-au
izolat germeni precum Pasteurella multocida si Arcanobacterium pyogenes.
 Lung from a pig challenged with 4 x 109 P.
multocida type A and 4,000 toxic units of
A. pleuropneumonia crude cytotoxin and killed
three days PI.
A) Consolidated lesion with
dark-red appearance involving more than one-third
of the diaphragmatic lobe of the right
lung; the pleura of the affected area was thickened
and covered by sheets of fibrin.
B) Crosssection
of the lung shows the hemorrhagic and necrotic
lesion typically produced in the
model.
IEPURI:

- contaminarea se realizeaza cel mai frecvent prin autoinfectie.

Tabloul clinic:
→ forma supraacuta (septicemica), evolutie de 24 – 48 ore;
→ forma acuta (respiratorie) cu jetaj, tuse, dispnee, rar si cu
semne digestive (diaree, meteorism), cu evolutie de 4 – 10 zile;
→ forma cronica: cu localizare cutanata, subcutanata,
intramusculară, articulară, auriculară, mamară etc,
animalele au blana mata, fara luciu şi sunt cahectice.
Conjunctivitis  -  Signs include epiphora with
blephorospasm, eyelids closed by excessive
mucopurulent exudate and facial staining. 
Reddened conjuctiva with serous to
mucopurulent adherent exudate are found. 
Often there is inflammation and eventual
stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct, resulting in
chronic epiphora and hair loss. 

Pasteurella can localize in the eye and

cause complete loss of function. This eye
has to be removed, since the rabbit cannot
see, and it is painful. The white area in the
center of the eye is the infection.
 The arrows point to the typical appearance
This is a healthy uterus during a routine of a uterus infected with Pasteurella. Cancer
OVH. The healthy pink uterine horns are can also look like this.
easily seen (white arrow).
 The arrows below mark the typical abscesses
(the round white areas) that can be seen in the
chest of a rabbit with Pasteurella.
This is what these lungs could look like on
an autopsy. All the white spots correspond
to the white spots on the radiograph
above.
 Some pasteurella abscesses are chronic in nature, and contain more dead
tissue than purulent material. The following pictures show a case of a rabbit
that had been treated with routine drainage and antibiotics for several weeks.
The purulent material on the inside was diminished, but the tissue that
remained was either dead or dying and had to be surgically removed.
Enzootic Pneumonia  -  Affected rabbits frequently die acutely with
no signs (especially young rabbits); anorexia and depression may
be observed.  Acute pneumonia lesions include red-grey foci of
consolidation of the cranioventral lung lobes with or without
hemorrhage.  Chronic pneumonia is characterized by generalized
consolidation, encapsulated abscesses, fibrinopurulent or
mucopurulent pleuritis and pyothorax. 

Pasteurellosis. Yellowish-white
fibrinous deposits in the
abdominal cavity
II. DIAGNOSTICUL DE CONFIRMARE:

Schema diagnosticului de laborator in infectiile cu

Pasteurella multocida:

examenul direct pe produse patologice:

-examenul bacterioscopic;
-examenul histopatologic;

izolarea bacteriei: pe medii uzuale;

identificarea bacteriei:
-examenul caracterelor culturale;
-examenul morfologic: Gram-negativ, bipolar;
-examen de mobilitate;
-examen biochimic;
-tipizare serologica;
diagnosticul serologic: ELISA;
teste de patogenitate: pe animalele de laborator (soarece,
porumbel) cu precizarea titrului.
 Gram stain of purulent drainage from a wound on the finger
following a cat bite (x1000) shows inflammatory cells and small,
Gram negative rods and coccobacilli. Pasteurella multocida.
Pasteurella multocida - Gram staining, blood culture
Pasteurella multocida
Pasteurella multocida - Blood and Gasssner agar plate
PROFILAXIA

- nespecifica;
- specifica: cu vaccinare in functie de antecedente sau
de necesitate in localitatile in care s-au diagnosticat
cazuri la:
- toate bovinele in varsta de peste 3 saptamani, in
perioada martie-aprilie, cu rapel la 14 zile si repetare din
6 in 6 luni si a celor din import, in perioada de carantina
profilactica, dupa 7 zile de la preluare daca au ca
destinatie unitati in care s-a diagnosticat boala in
ultimele 12 luni sau zone cu antecedente de boala in
aceeasi perioada;
- la loturile de porcine afectate dupa izolarea si
tratarea animalelor bolnave.
COMBATEREA:

→ la bovine se declara boala si se instituie carantina de

gradul III asupra fermei sau turmei;
→ se distrug cadavrele si se fac dezinfectii periodice;
→ animalele cu semne clinice si cele febrile se izoleaza si
se trateaza;
→ stingerea bolii si ridicarea masurilor de carantina se face
la 14 zile de la ultimul caz de moarte sau vindecare daca s-
a facut dezinfectia finala si au trecut 14 zile de la
vaccinarea antipasteurelica.