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Evoluţie, prognostic
– Cărbune cutanat: mortalitate 20-25% fără tratament, rară cu trat
AB (~5%)
– Mortalitate 70-100%: Cărbune respirator (100%), digestiv,
septicemia, meningoencefalita (70-80%)
Antrax - diagnostic
Pozitiv:
• epidemiologic: activitate ce expune la spori de B.a.
• clinic
• examene bacteriologice:
– Frotiu, culturi din diverse produse (leziune cutanată, spută,
conţinut intestinal, exsudat faringian, LCR, rareori sânge)
– Dg serologic: creşterea titrului la 4 săpt sau titru iniţial >1/32
– Test cutanat (detectează imunitatea mediată celular- dg
retrospectiv)
Diferenţial:
– Cutanat: furuncul, flictene, ectima, nodulii mulgatorilor
– Respirator: pneumonie severă
– Intestinal: gastroenterită hemoragică+şoc
Antrax dg www.cdc.gov
Clinical Description: Cutaneous Anthrax: An acute illness, or post-mortem examination revealing a painless skin lesion developing over 2 to 6 days from a
papular through a vesicular stage into a depressed black eschar with surrounding edema. Fever, malaise and lymphadenopathy may accompany the lesion.
Case Classification
I. Suspected
An illness suggestive of one of the known anthrax clinical forms. No definitive, presumptive, or suggestive laboratory evidence of Bacillus anthracis, or
epidemiologic evidence relating it to anthrax.
II. Probable
A clinically compatible illness that does not meet the confirmed case definition, but with one of the following:
1. Epidemiological link to a documented anthrax environmental exposure;
2. Evidence of B. anthracis DNA (for example, by Laboratory Response Network [LRN]-validated polymerase chain reaction) in clinical specimens
collected from a normally sterile site (such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) or lesion of other affected tissue (skin, pulmonary,
reticuloendothelial, or gastrointestinal);
3. Positive result on testing of clinical serum specimens using the QuickELISATM (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) Anthrax-PA (protective
antigen) kit;
4. Detection of Lethal Factor (LF) in clinical serum specimens by LF mass spectrometry;
5. Positive result on testing of culture from clinical specimens with the RedLine Alert test.
III. Confirmed
A clinically compatible illness with one of the following:
1. Culture and identification of B. anthracis from clinical specimens by the LRN;
2. Demonstration of B. anthracis antigens in tissues by immunohistochemical staining using both B. anthracis cell wall and capsule monoclonal
antibodies;
3. Evidence of a four-fold rise in antibodies to protective antigen between acute and convalescent sera or a fourfold change in antibodies to protective
antigen in paired convalescent sera using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) quantitative anti-PA immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA
testing;
4. Documented anthrax environmental exposure AND evidence of B. anthracis DNA (for example, by LRN-validated polymerase chain reaction) in
clinical specimens collected from a normally sterile site (such as blood or CSF) or lesion of other affected tissue (skin, pulmonary,
reticuloendothelial, or gastrointestinal).
The only way to confirm a diagnosis of anthrax is to either:
Test directly for Bacillus anthracis in a sample (blood, skin lesion swab, spinal fluid, or respiratory secretions) or
Measure antibodies or toxin in blood.
Samples must be taken before the patient begins taking antibiotics.
Antrax - tratament
• Curativ
– Antimicrobian
• PG 4MUx4-6/zi 7-10 zile; Doxiciclina; Ciprofloxacin 500mgx2-3/zi
• >/=3 ANTIBIOTICE in antraxul sever- respirator, septicemic,
meningean)