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NEUROPSIHOLOGIE CLINICA
Neurobiologia tulburarii de
atentie/hiperactivitate (ADHD)
• Tipul neatent
• Tipul hiperactiv/impulsiv
• Tipul combinat
NEUROPSIHOLOGIE CLINICA
Simptome neatentie:
• ignoră detaliile
• greșește din neglijență
• își menține cu greutate concentrarea la lucru sau la joacă
• pare să nu asculte atunci când cineva i se adresează direct
• nu respectă instrucțiunile
• nu termină ceea ce a început
• are dificultăți în a-și organiza sarcinile și activitățile
• evită activitățile care necesită efort intelectual susținut
• pierde lucruri de care are nevoie
• este distras de zgomote exterioare
• este uituc în activitățile lui
NEUROPSIHOLOGIE CLINICA
Simptome hiperactivitate:
Simptome impulsivitate:
Amir Hossein Ghaderi Mohammad Ali Nazari, Hassan Shahrokhi and Amir Hossein
Darooneh
Contrary to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), fifth edition,
some studies indicate that ADHD-inattentive presentation (ADHD-I) is a distinct diagnostic
disorder and not an ADHD presentation. The results show that clustering coefficient of
theta band was significantly different among three groups and significant differences were
observed in theta global efficiency between controls and ADHD-C. Regarding the alpha
band, a lower clustering coefficient was observed in control subjects. In the beta band,
clustering coefficient was significantly different between the control and children with
ADHD-C and also between ADHD-I and ADHD-C. The clustering coefficient, in the
subjects with ADHD-C, demonstrated a rapid decline and was significantly lower than the
subjects with ADHD-I and control. Decreased clustering, in high thresholds, may be
associated with hyperactivity while increased segregation in low thresholds with
inattentiveness. A different functional network occurs in the ADHD-C brain that is
consistent with several studies that have reported ADHD-I as a distinct disorder.
Comorbidități
• 2) Cele mai frecvente tulburări asociate sunt tulburările
depresive (până la 75%)
• 3) cele de conduită (CD) şi cea opoziţionist-sfidătoare (ODD)
(30-50%),
• 4) cele anxioase (25%),
• 5) sindromul Tourette ( 7-34%).
• 6) De asemenea, 30% din cei diagnosticaţi cu “pathological
gambling” (joc patologic) suferă de ADHD.
NEUROPSIHOLOGIE CLINICA
Comorbidități
• Una dintre ideile mai noi este că atât ADHD cât și anumite tulburări de
personalitate pot fi doar expresii diferite ale unei aceleiaşi probleme
care stă la baza acestor simptome
Receptorul
D2 si alela
A1
NEUROPSIHOLOGIE CLINICA
Rolul catecolaminelor
in ADHD: gena COMT
si ADRA
NEUROPSIHOLOGIE CLINICA
Is the ADHD Brain Wired Differently? A Review on Structural and Functional Connectivity in
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
In recent years, a change in perspective in etiological models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) has occurred in concordance with emerging concepts in other neuropsychiatric disorders
such as schizophrenia and autism. These models shift the focus of the assumed pathology from
regional brain abnormalities to dysfunction in distributed network organization. In the current
contribution, we report findings from functional connectivity studies during resting and task states, as
well as from studies on structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging, in subjects with ADHD.
Although major methodological limitations in analyzing connectivity measures derived from
noninvasive in vivo neuroimaging still exist, there is convergent evidence for white matter pathology
and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and
during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated. However, the causality between disturbed white matter
architecture and cortical dysfunction remains to be evaluated. Both genetic and environmental factors
might contribute to disruptions in interactions between different brain regions. Stimulant medication not
only modulates regionally specific activation strength but also normalizes dysfunctional connectivity,
pointing to a predominant network dysfunction in ADHD. By combining a longitudinal approach with a
systems perspective in ADHD in the future, it might be possible to identify at which stage during
development disruptions in neural networks emerge and to delineate possible new endophenotypes of
ADHD.
NEUROPSIHOLOGIE CLINICA
Netw Neurosci. 2019; 3(2): 567–588. .
ADHD symptoms are associated with the modular structure of intrinsic brain networks in a
representative sample of healthy adults
Training-ul atentiei
& scolarizarea
NEUROPSIHOLOGIE CLINICA
Gene
Brain
Training
Educatie
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