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Dinamica autovehiculelor are ca obiectiv studiul miscarii autovehiculelor .Ea stabileste legatura
dintre fortele ce actioneaza asupra autovehiculelor si parametrii miscarii acestora,privita sub
aspect calitativ si cantitativ din analiza fortelor care actioneaza asupra autovehiculelorse
evidentiaza relatiile dintre acestea si caracteristicile autovehiculului,ale caii de rulare,ale
mediului ambiant si ale comenzii conducatorului.
In cadrul dinamicii nu se studiaza procesele de lucru din subansamblele ce cimpun
autovehiculul, desi acestea pot determina miscarea autovehiculului.
Ca faza de a proiectarii ,calculul dinamic si de tractiune are ca scop determinarea parametrilor
principali ai motorului si transmisiei ,care sa confere autovehiculului calitatile dinamice si
performantele stabilite prin tema de proiectare.
A= 3825 mm lungimea
D= 1665 mm latime
H= 1495 mm inaltime
L= 2455 mm - ampatament
-repr greutatea autovehiculului complet echipat cu echipamentul prevazut in cond tehnice sau in
lista de echipament standard fara incarcatura si fara persoane la bord.
* g [N]
(2.1)
= 998 * 9.8
= 9780.5
Unde:
g = 9.82 m/
- accel gravitationala
-este incarcatura pe care o poate transporta un autovehicul in conditiile pt care a fost construit .
=
-este incarcatura pe care o poate transporta autovehiculul in scopul in care a fost construit
-pt ca solutia constructiva folosita este `totul-fata` repartizarea se face 55% pe fata si 45 % revine
puntii spate din greutatea autovehiculului.
-greutatea pe puntea fata
a=1104.7 [mm]
b=
b=0.55*2455
b=1350.2 [mm]
Alegerea unui tip de pneu standardizat :
-se face tinand cont de greutatea ce revine pneului cel mai solicitat ,in acest caz pneului fata
Greutatea pe pneul fata:
Latimea
sectiunii
[mm]
Jantei
J x 13
Diametrul
exterior
[mm] 1%
Raza statica
[mm]1%
Circumferinta
de rulare
[mm] 2%
Marimea
camerei
578 1%
263
1750
HJ 13
=> r=0.278 m
Unde:
Unde :
Se alege :
Turatia
Puterea
Momentul
Consumul
Consumul orar
600
5.2
82.3
335.1337
1.74
800
7.1
84.8
325.5476
2.31
1000
9.1
87
316.3957
2.89
1200
11.2
89.1
307.6781
3.55
1400
13.3
91.0
299.3948
3.98
1600
15.5
92.7
291.5457
4.51
1800
17.7
94.2
284.1308
5.02
2000
22.2
95.4
277.1502
6.15
2200
24.5
96.5
270.4918
6.62
2400
26.7
97.4
264.6390
7.06
2600
28.9
98.1
258.814
7.47
2800
31.1
98.6
253.570
7.88
3000
33.2
98.9
248.761
8.25
3200
35.2
99
244.385
8.60
3400
37.2
98.9
240.445
8.94
3600
39
98.6
236.938
9.24
3800
40.8
98.1
233.866
9.80
4000
42.4
97.4
231.228
10.09
4200
44
96.5
229.024
10.27
4400
45.3
95.4
227.254
10.52
4600
46.6
94.2
225.919
10.71
4800
47.6
92.7
225.018
10.89
5000
48.5
91
224.551
10.97
5200
48.9
89.1
224.518
11.08
5400
49.3
87
224.926
11.17
5600
49.5
84.8
225.756
11.305
5800
49.8
82.3
227.756
11.43
6000
50
79.6
228731
11.60
6600
48.2
76.5
236.5
11.39
[kW]
(2.18)
unde:
PR-puterea la roata
PR=Petr
[kW]
(2.19)
PR=53,460,92
PR=49,183 kW
Pe=50 puterea efectiva a motorului corespunzatoare turatiei la care se obtine viteza
maxima,
=
=6000 rpm
Pr =Ga f
[kW]
(2.20)
Pr = 14199.5 0,017va
Pr = 241.39 va
Pa=kSva3
[kW]
(2.21)
Pa=0,2022,167 va3
Pa=0,437 va3 kW
k- coeficient aerodinamic
[kg/m3]
(2.22)
k=0,5 1,2260,33
k=0,202
S= HB1
(2.23)
S=1495 1,25
S=2,167
Observatie:
Determinarea vitezei maxime a automobilului se face in conditiile deplasarii acestuia in priza
directa a cutiei de viteze,pe un drum orizontal de calitate foarte buna.
Inlocuind relatiile exprimate mai sus in relatia (2.18) obtinem o ecuatie de gradul trei de forma:
v3max+Avmax-B=0
(2.24)
(2.25)
(2.26)
(2.27)
Raportul de transmitere ik1 al treptei I din cutia de viteze se calculeaza in functie de rampa
maxima max . Autovehiculul fiind in regim de tractiune maxima are viteza redusa deci se poate
neglija rezistenta aerului .
Viteza critica in treapta I la urcare rampei maxime:
[m/s]
(2.28)
vcrl=8.5 m/s
unde:
PM=50 kW - puterea efectiva corespunzatoare turatiei
max - coeficientul rezistentelor totale a drumului
max=fcos(max)+sin(max) (2.29)
max=0,017cos(18o)+sin(18 o)
max=0,325
max=18 o
Raportul de transmitere determinat se verifica din conditia ca forta la roata in treapta I sa fie mai
mare decat rezistenta sumara a drumului pe panta maxima,caracterizata de coeficientul
rezistentei totale a drumului max si sa nu depaseasca forta de aderenta a rotilor motoare pe
rampa maxima:
(2.31)
unde:
Se adopta
=3.6
(2.35)
(2.36)
[m/s ]
[m/s]
(2.37)
(2.38)
(2.39)
[m/s]
(2.40)
[N]
(2.41)
(2.42)
unde:
(2.43)
[m/s2]
(2.44)
unde:
=0,017 (max=0o)
(2.45)
2=1,140
3=1,063
4=1,031
=1.012
a[m/s2]
1/a [s2/m]
0.286482
2.20526
0.453461
4192.06
0.295172
2.276375
0.439295
2.18107
4300.816
0.302818
2.338942
0.427544
11.24
2.617284
4404.629
0.310115
2.398661
0.416899
1400
13.3
3.053498
4498.555
0.316717
2.452681
0.407717
1600
15.5
3.489712
4582.594
0.322622
2.501004
0.399839
1800
17.7
3.925926
4656.746
0.32783
2.543628
0.393139
2000
22.2
4.36214
4716.067
0.331995
2.577706
0.387942
2200
24.5
4.798354
4770.445
0.335811
2.608935
0.383298
2400
26.7
5.234568
4814.937
0.338931
2.634465
0.379584
2600
28.9
5.670782
4849.541
0.341354
2.654298
0.376747
2800
31.1
6.106996
4874.258
0.343081
2.668433
0.374752
3000
33.2
6.54321
4889.089
0.344112
2.67687
0.373571
3200
35.2
6.979424
4894.032
0.344447
2.679609
0.373189
3400
37.2
7.415638
4889.089
0.344086
2.67665
0.373601
3600
39
7.851852
4874.258
0.343028
2.667993
0.374814
3800
40.8
8.288066
4849.541
0.341273
2.653638
0.376841
4000
42.4
8.72428
4814.937
0.338823
2.633585
0.379711
4200
44
9.160494
4770.445
0.335676
2.607834
0.38346
Turatia n
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
FR [N]
600
5.201
1.308642
4068.473
800
7.102
1.744856
1000
9.1354
1200
4400
45.3
9.596708
4716.067
0.331833
2.576386
0.388141
4600
46.6
10.03292
4656.746
0.327642
2.542088
0.393377
4800
47.6
10.46914
4582.594
0.322406
2.499243
0.400121
5000
48.5
10.90535
4498.555
0.316475
2.4507
0.408047
5200
48.9
11.34156
4404.629
0.309846
2.39646
0.417282
5400
49.3
11.77778
4300.816
0.302522
2.336521
0.427987
5600
49.5
12.21399
4192.06
0.294849
2.273734
0.439805
5800
49.8
12.65021
4068.473
0.286132
2.202399
0.45405
6000
50
13.08642
3934.999
0.276719
2.125367
0.470507
a[m/s2]
1/a [s2/m]
Turatia n
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
FR [N]
600
5.201
1.962963
2712.315
0.190954
2.035625
0.49125
800
7.102
2.617284
2794.706
0.196737
2.101269
0.475903
1000
9.1354
3.271605
2867.211
0.201822
2.159024
0.463172
1200
11.24
3.925926
2936.419
0.206676
2.214148
0.451641
1400
13.3
4.580247
2999.036
0.211066
2.264013
0.441693
1600
15.5
5.234568
3055.062
0.214991
2.308619
0.433159
1800
17.7
5.888889
3104.497
0.218453
2.347965
0.425901
2000
22.2
6.54321
3144.045
0.221218
2.379421
0.42027
2200
24.5
7.197531
3180.297
0.223751
2.408247
0.41524
2400
26.7
7.851852
3209.958
0.225819
2.431814
0.411216
2600
28.9
8.506173
3233.027
0.227424
2.450121
0.408143
2800
31.1
9.160494
3249.505
0.228564
2.463169
0.405981
3000
33.2
9.814815
3259.392
0.22924
2.470957
0.404702
3200
35.2
10.46914
3262.688
0.229452
2.473485
0.404288
3400
37.2
11.12346
3259.392
0.2292
2.470754
0.404735
3600
39
11.77778
3249.505
0.228483
2.462763
0.406048
3800
40.8
12.4321
3233.027
0.227303
2.449512
0.408245
4000
42.4
13.08642
3209.958
0.225658
2.431002
0.411353
4200
44
13.74074
3180.297
0.223549
2.407232
0.415415
4400
45.3
14.39506
3144.045
0.220976
2.378202
0.420486
4600
46.6
15.04938
3104.497
0.21817
2.346543
0.426159
4800
47.6
15.7037
3055.062
0.214669
2.306994
0.433465
5000
48.5
16.35802
2999.036
0.210703
2.262185
0.44205
5200
48.9
17.01235
2936.419
0.206273
2.212117
0.452056
5400
49.3
17.66667
2867.211
0.201379
2.156789
0.463652
5600
49.5
18.32099
2794.706
0.196252
2.098831
0.476456
5800
49.8
18.97531
2712.315
0.19043
2.032984
0.491888
6000
50
19.62963
2623.333
0.184143
1.961877
0.509716
a[m/s2]
1/a [s2/m]
Turatia n
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
FR [N]
600
5.201
2.944444
1808.21
0.127252
1.890223
0.529038
800
7.102
3.925926
1863.138
0.13109
1.951178
0.512511
1000
9.1354
4.907407
1911.474
0.134464
2.004808
0.498801
1200
11.24
5.888889
1957.613
0.137683
2.055995
0.486383
1400
13.3
6.87037
1999.358
0.140593
2.102298
0.47567
1600
15.5
7.851852
2036.708
0.143193
2.143718
0.466479
1800
17.7
8.833333
2069.665
0.145484
2.180253
0.458662
2000
22.2
9.814815
2096.03
0.14731
2.209462
0.452599
2200
24.5
10.7963
2120.198
0.148982
2.23623
0.447181
2400
26.7
11.77778
2139.972
0.150344
2.258113
0.442848
2600
28.9
12.75926
2155.351
0.151397
2.275113
0.439539
2800
31.1
13.74074
2166.337
0.152141
2.287228
0.43721
3000
33.2
14.72222
2172.928
0.152575
2.29446
0.435832
3200
35.2
15.7037
2175.125
0.152699
2.296808
0.435387
3400
37.2
16.68519
2172.928
0.152514
2.294271
0.435868
3600
39
17.66667
2166.337
0.15202
2.286851
0.437283
3800
40.8
18.64815
2155.351
0.151216
2.274547
0.439648
4000
42.4
19.62963
2139.972
0.150102
2.257359
0.442996
4200
44
20.61111
2120.198
0.14868
2.235287
0.44737
4400
45.3
21.59259
2096.03
0.146947
2.20833
0.452831
4600
46.6
22.57407
2069.665
0.14506
2.178932
0.45894
4800
47.6
23.55556
2036.708
0.142709
2.142208
0.466808
5000
48.5
24.53704
1999.358
0.140048
2.1006
0.476054
5200
48.9
25.51852
1957.613
0.137078
2.054108
0.486829
5400
49.3
26.5
1911.474
0.133799
2.002733
0.499318
5600
49.5
27.48148
1863.138
0.130364
1.948915
0.513106
5800
49.8
28.46296
1808.21
0.126466
1.887771
0.529725
6000
50
29.44444
1748.889
0.122258
1.821743
0.548925
a[m/s2]
1/a [s2/m]
Turatia n
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
FR [N]
600
5.201
4.711111
1130.131
0.079444
1.764208
0.566826
800
7.102
6.281481
1164.461
0.081814
1.8211
0.549119
1000
9.1354
7.851852
1194.671
0.083893
1.871154
0.53443
1200
11.24
9.422222
1223.508
0.085875
1.918929
0.521124
1400
13.3
10.99259
1249.599
0.087664
1.962145
0.509646
1600
15.5
12.56296
1272.943
0.08926
2.000803
0.499799
1800
17.7
14.13333
1293.54
0.090662
2.034903
0.491424
2000
22.2
15.7037
1310.019
0.091774
2.062165
0.484927
2200
24.5
17.27407
1325.124
0.092789
2.087148
0.479123
2400
26.7
18.84444
1337.482
0.093611
2.107572
0.47448
2600
28.9
20.41481
1347.095
0.09424
2.123439
0.470934
2800
31.1
21.98519
1353.961
0.094675
2.134746
0.46844
3000
33.2
23.55556
1358.08
0.094917
2.141496
0.466963
3200
35.2
25.12593
1359.453
0.094965
2.143687
0.466486
3400
37.2
26.6963
1358.08
0.09482
2.14132
0.467002
3600
39
28.26667
1353.961
0.094481
2.134394
0.468517
3800
40.8
29.83704
1347.095
0.093949
2.12291
0.471051
4000
42.4
31.40741
1337.482
0.093224
2.106868
0.474638
4200
44
32.97778
1325.124
0.092305
2.086267
0.479325
4400
45.3
34.54815
1310.019
0.091193
2.061108
0.485176
4600
46.6
36.11852
1293.54
0.089984
2.03367
0.491722
4800
47.6
37.68889
1272.943
0.088485
1.999394
0.500151
5000
48.5
39.25926
1249.599
0.086793
1.96056
0.510058
5200
48.9
40.82963
1223.508
0.084907
1.917168
0.521603
5400
49.3
42.4
1194.671
0.082828
1.869217
0.534983
5600
49.5
43.97037
1164.461
0.080652
1.818987
0.549757
5800
49.8
45.54074
1130.131
0.078186
1.761919
0.567563
6000
50
47.11111
1093.055
0.075526
1.700294
0.588134
a[m/s2]
1/a [s2/m]
Turatia n
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
FR [N]
600
5.201
5.488673
971.913
0.068278
1.392796
0.71798
800
7.102
7.318231
1001.436
0.070301
1.43771
0.69555
1000
9.1354
9.147789
1027.417
0.072074
1.477227
0.676944
1200
11.24
10.97735
1052.217
0.073764
1.514944
0.660091
1400
13.3
12.8069
1074.655
0.075288
1.549062
0.645552
1600
15.5
14.63646
1094.731
0.076645
1.579581
0.633079
1800
17.7
16.46602
1112.445
0.077836
1.606502
0.62247
2000
22.2
18.29558
1126.616
0.078778
1.628025
0.614241
2200
24.5
20.12513
1139.606
0.079636
1.647748
0.606889
2400
26.7
21.95469
1150.235
0.080328
1.663873
0.601007
2600
28.9
23.78425
1158.501
0.080854
1.676399
0.596517
2800
31.1
25.61381
1164.406
0.081214
1.685326
0.593357
3000
33.2
27.44337
1167.949
0.081407
1.690655
0.591487
3200
35.2
29.27292
1169.13
0.081434
1.692385
0.590882
3400
37.2
31.10248
1167.949
0.081294
1.690516
0.591535
3600
39
32.93204
1164.406
0.080988
1.685048
0.593455
3800
40.8
34.7616
1158.501
0.080516
1.675982
0.596665
4000
42.4
36.59115
1150.235
0.079877
1.663317
0.601208
4200
44
38.42071
1139.606
0.079072
1.647053
0.607145
4400
45.3
40.25027
1126.616
0.078101
1.627191
0.614556
4600
46.6
42.07983
1112.445
0.077047
1.605529
0.622848
4800
47.6
43.90939
1094.731
0.075743
1.578469
0.633525
5000
48.5
45.73894
1074.655
0.074273
1.547811
0.646074
5200
48.9
47.5685
1052.217
0.072636
1.513554
0.660697
5400
49.3
49.39806
1027.417
0.070833
1.475698
0.677646
5600
49.5
51.22762
1001.436
0.068947
1.436042
0.696358
5800
49.8
53.05717
971.913
0.066811
1.390989
0.718913
6000
50
54.88673
940.0277
0.064509
1.342337
0.744969
(2.46)
unde:
i=1,2n;
a vitezei.
Acceleratia
Timpul de
Spatiul de
Viteza
inceputului
demarajului
[m/s]
la care se face
demarajul[m/s]
Echivalenta [m/s2]
Demarare [s]
Demarare [m]
1,308
13.086
2.2
1.739
4.984
13.086
15.703
2.12
3.997
21.791
15.703
19.629
2.03
5.116
35.197
19.629
20.611
1.96
6.876
59.341
20.611
25.518
1.89
9.634
110.87
25.518
32.977
1.82
11.708
134.197
32.977
29.44
1.76
14.387
239.173
29.44
40.250
1.70
20.008
360.871
40.250
45.73
1.64
21.784
415.984
10
45.73
47.56
1.51
32.719
831.684
11
47.56
49.39
42.506
1497.341
Nr.Crt.
1.47
(2.48)
(2.49)
[kW]
rulare;
[kW]
[kW]
puterea la roata
(2.52)
Pa+Pr
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
[rot/min]
[kW]
[kW]
Pr[kW]
[kW]
600
5.201
1.308642
4.78492
0.572837
4.587
5.159837
800
7.102
1.744856
6.53384
0.763783
6.002
6.765783
1000
9.1354
2.18107
8.404568
0.954728
7.6132
8.567928
si
1200
11.24
2.617284
10.3408
1.145674
8.4254
9.571074
1400
13.3
3.053498
12.236
1.33662
9.134
10.47062
1600
15.5
3.489712
14.26
1.527566
11.466
12.99357
1800
17.7
3.925926
16.284
1.718511
13.487
15.20551
2000
22.2
4.36214
20.424
1.909457
16.354
18.26346
2200
24.5
4.798354
22.54
2.100403
17.981
20.0814
2400
26.7
5.234568
24.564
2.291348
19.035
21.32635
2600
28.9
5.670782
26.588
2.482294
21.35
23.83229
2800
31.1
6.106996
28.612
2.67324
23.146
25.81924
3000
33.2
6.54321
30.544
2.864185
24.162
27.02619
3200
35.2
6.979424
32.384
3.055131
25.231
28.28613
3400
37.2
7.415638
34.224
3.246077
26.841
30.08708
3600
39
7.851852
35.88
3.437023
27.884
31.32102
3800
40.8
8.288066
37.536
3.627968
29.1004
32.72837
4000
42.4
8.72428
39.008
3.818914
32.654
36.47291
4200
44
9.160494
40.48
4.00986
33.15
37.15986
4400
45.3
9.596708
41.676
4.200805
34.831
39.03181
4600
46.6
10.03292
42.872
4.391751
36.841
41.23275
4800
47.6
10.46914
43.792
4.582697
38.468
43.0507
5000
48.5
10.90535
44.62
4.773642
39.484
44.25764
5200
48.9
11.34156
44.988
4.964588
43.189
48.15359
5400
49.3
11.77778
45.356
5.155534
45.249
50.40453
5600
49.5
12.21399
45.54
5.346479
48.011
53.35748
5800
49.8
12.65021
45.816
5.537425
50.364
55.90143
6000
50
13.08642
46
5.728371
52.163
57.89137
Pa+Pr
Pe [kW]
[rot/min]
va[m/s]
[kW]
[kW]
Pr[kW]
[kW]
600
5.201
1.962963
4.78492
0.859256
4.587
5.446256
800
7.102
2.617284
6.53384
1.145674
6.002
7.147674
1000
9.1354
3.271605
8.404568
1.432093
7.6132
9.045293
1200
11.24
3.925926
10.3408
1.718511
8.4254
10.14391
1400
13.3
4.580247
12.236
2.00493
9.134
11.13893
1600
15.5
5.234568
14.26
2.291348
11.466
13.75735
1800
17.7
5.888889
16.284
2.577767
13.487
16.06477
2000
22.2
6.54321
20.424
2.864185
16.354
19.21819
2200
24.5
7.197531
22.54
3.150604
17.981
21.1316
2400
26.7
7.851852
24.564
3.437023
19.035
22.47202
2600
28.9
8.506173
26.588
3.723441
21.35
25.07344
2800
31.1
9.160494
28.612
4.00986
23.146
27.15586
3000
33.2
9.814815
30.544
4.296278
24.162
28.45828
3200
35.2
10.46914
32.384
4.582697
25.231
29.8137
3400
37.2
11.12346
34.224
4.869115
26.841
31.71012
3600
39
11.77778
35.88
5.155534
27.884
33.03953
3800
40.8
12.4321
37.536
5.441952
29.1004
34.54235
4000
42.4
13.08642
39.008
5.728371
32.654
38.38237
4200
44
13.74074
40.48
6.014789
33.15
39.16479
4400
45.3
14.39506
41.676
6.301208
34.831
41.13221
4600
46.6
15.04938
42.872
6.587626
36.841
43.42863
4800
47.6
15.7037
43.792
6.874045
38.468
45.34205
5000
48.5
16.35802
44.62
7.160464
39.484
46.64446
5200
48.9
17.01235
44.988
7.446882
43.189
50.63588
5400
49.3
17.66667
45.356
7.733301
45.249
52.9823
5600
49.5
18.32099
45.54
8.019719
48.011
56.03072
5800
49.8
18.97531
45.816
8.306138
50.364
58.67014
6000
50
19.62963
46
8.592556
52.163
60.75556
Pa+Pr
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
[rot/min]
[kW]
[kW]
Pr[kW]
[kW]
600
5.201
2.944444
4.78492
1.288883
4.587
5.875883
800
7.102
3.925926
6.53384
1.718511
6.002
7.720511
1000
9.1354
4.907407
8.404568
2.148139
7.6132
9.761339
1200
11.24
5.888889
10.3408
2.577767
8.4254
11.00317
1400
13.3
6.87037
12.236
3.007395
9.134
12.14139
1600
15.5
7.851852
14.26
3.437023
11.466
14.90302
1800
17.7
8.833333
16.284
3.86665
13.487
17.35365
2000
22.2
9.814815
20.424
4.296278
16.354
20.65028
2200
24.5
10.7963
22.54
4.725906
17.981
22.70691
2400
26.7
11.77778
24.564
5.155534
19.035
24.19053
2600
28.9
12.75926
26.588
5.585162
21.35
26.93516
2800
31.1
13.74074
28.612
6.014789
23.146
29.16079
3000
33.2
14.72222
30.544
6.444417
24.162
30.60642
3200
35.2
15.7037
32.384
6.874045
25.231
32.10505
3400
37.2
16.68519
34.224
7.303673
26.841
34.14467
3600
39
17.66667
35.88
7.733301
27.884
35.6173
3800
40.8
18.64815
37.536
8.162928
29.1004
37.26333
4000
42.4
19.62963
39.008
8.592556
32.654
41.24656
4200
44
20.61111
40.48
9.022184
33.15
42.17218
4400
45.3
21.59259
41.676
9.451812
34.831
44.28281
4600
46.6
22.57407
42.872
9.88144
36.841
46.72244
4800
47.6
23.55556
43.792
10.31107
38.468
48.77907
5000
48.5
24.53704
44.62
10.7407
39.484
50.2247
5200
48.9
25.51852
44.988
11.17032
43.189
54.35932
5400
49.3
26.5
45.356
11.59995
45.249
56.84895
5600
49.5
27.48148
45.54
12.02958
48.011
60.04058
5800
49.8
28.46296
45.816
12.45921
50.364
62.82321
6000
50
29.44444
46
12.88883
52.163
65.05183
[kW]
[kW]
Pr[kW]
Pa+Pr
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
[rot/min]
[kW]
600
5.201
4.711111
4.78492
2.062214
4.587
6.649214
800
7.102
6.281481
6.53384
2.749618
6.002
8.751618
1000
9.1354
7.851852
8.404568
3.437023
7.6132
11.05022
1200
11.24
9.422222
10.3408
4.124427
8.4254
12.54983
1400
13.3
10.99259
12.236
4.811832
9.134
13.94583
1600
15.5
12.56296
14.26
5.499236
11.466
16.96524
1800
17.7
14.13333
16.284
6.186641
13.487
19.67364
2000
22.2
15.7037
20.424
6.874045
16.354
23.22805
2200
24.5
17.27407
22.54
7.56145
17.981
25.54245
2400
26.7
18.84444
24.564
8.248854
19.035
27.28385
2600
28.9
20.41481
26.588
8.936259
21.35
30.28626
2800
31.1
21.98519
28.612
9.623663
23.146
32.76966
3000
33.2
23.55556
30.544
10.31107
24.162
34.47307
3200
35.2
25.12593
32.384
10.99847
25.231
36.22947
3400
37.2
26.6963
34.224
11.68588
26.841
38.52688
3600
39
28.26667
35.88
12.37328
27.884
40.25728
3800
40.8
29.83704
37.536
13.06069
29.1004
42.16109
4000
42.4
31.40741
39.008
13.74809
32.654
46.40209
4200
44
32.97778
40.48
14.43549
33.15
47.58549
4400
45.3
34.54815
41.676
15.1229
34.831
49.9539
4600
46.6
36.11852
42.872
15.8103
36.841
52.6513
4800
47.6
37.68889
43.792
16.49771
38.468
54.96571
5000
48.5
39.25926
44.62
17.18511
39.484
56.66911
5200
48.9
40.82963
44.988
17.87252
43.189
61.06152
5400
49.3
42.4
45.356
18.55992
45.249
63.80892
5600
49.5
43.97037
45.54
19.24733
48.011
67.25833
5800
49.8
45.54074
45.816
19.93473
50.364
70.29873
6000
50
47.11111
46
20.62214
52.163
72.78514
Pa+Pr
Pe [kW]
va[m/s]
[rot/min]
[kW]
[kW]
Pr[kW]
[kW]
600
5.201
5.488673
4.78492
2.402579
4.587
6.989579
800
7.102
7.318231
6.53384
3.203438
6.002
9.205438
1000
9.1354
9.147789
8.404568
4.004298
7.6132
11.6175
1200
11.24
10.97735
10.3408
4.805158
8.4254
13.23056
1400
13.3
12.8069
12.236
5.606017
9.134
14.74002
1600
15.5
14.63646
14.26
6.406877
11.466
17.87288
1800
17.7
16.46602
16.284
7.207737
13.487
20.69474
2000
22.2
18.29558
20.424
8.008596
16.354
24.3626
2200
24.5
20.12513
22.54
8.809456
17.981
26.79046
2400
26.7
21.95469
24.564
9.610315
19.035
28.64532
2600
28.9
23.78425
26.588
10.41118
21.35
31.76118
2800
31.1
25.61381
28.612
11.21203
23.146
34.35803
3000
33.2
27.44337
30.544
12.01289
24.162
36.17489
3200
35.2
29.27292
32.384
12.81375
25.231
38.04475
3400
37.2
31.10248
34.224
13.61461
26.841
40.45561
3600
39
32.93204
35.88
14.41547
27.884
42.29947
3800
40.8
34.7616
37.536
15.21633
29.1004
44.31673
4000
42.4
36.59115
39.008
16.01719
32.654
48.67119
4200
44
38.42071
40.48
16.81805
33.15
49.96805
4400
45.3
40.25027
41.676
17.61891
34.831
52.44991
4600
46.6
42.07983
42.872
18.41977
36.841
55.26077
4800
47.6
43.90939
43.792
19.22063
38.468
57.68863
5000
48.5
45.73894
44.62
20.02149
39.484
59.50549
5200
48.9
47.5685
44.988
20.82235
43.189
64.01135
5400
49.3
49.39806
45.356
21.62321
45.249
66.87221
5600
49.5
51.22762
45.54
22.42407
48.011
70.43507
5800
49.8
53.05717
45.816
23.22493
50.364
73.58893
6000
50
54.88673
46
24.02579
52.163
76.18879
[N]
(2.54)
Ffmax=7947 3036.38
Ffmax=10983.38 N.
unde:
= 0,8 9933.68
=7947 N.
[N]
(2.55)
[N]
(2.55)
=1,2727809.5
=9933.68 N
(2.57)
m1f = 1,272
hg=550 mm inaltimea centrului de greutate al automobilului
[N]
(2.58)
=0,8 3795.48
=3036.38
N.
[N]
(2.59)
=0,5946389.7
=3795.48
(2.60)
m2f=0,577
[m/s2]
(2.61)
[m/s2]
(2.62)
[m/s]
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
49.39
[m/s2
7.38
7.96
8.34
8.91
8.91
9.48
9.87
10.44
11.01
11.97
[s]
(2.63)
unde:
Capacitatea de franare a autovehiculului este caracterizata mai ales de spatiul de franare minim
sfmin, care se determint fara a lua in considerare influenta omului si a constructiei sistemului de
franare asupra procesului de franare, si de spatiul de oprire sopr, care tine seama de acesti
factori prin spatiul suplimentar Ss parcurs de autovehicul, care se aduna cu spatiul de franare
minim.
Determinarea spatiului de franare minim :
Se face in doua cazuri :
[m]
(2.64)
[m]
(2.65)
[m]
Rezultatele calculelor spatiului minim de franare sfmin si sfmin sunt prezentate in tabelul 2.13.
Determinarea spatiului de oprire:
[m]
(2.66)
unde:
=0,3 s timpul din momentul inceperii cursei active a pedalei de frana pana la
atingerea valorii normale a fortei pe pedala de frana.
tfmin
Sfmin
Sopr
Sopr
Sopr
Sopr
[m/s]
(=0,2)
(=0,8)
(=0,2)
(=0,4)
(=0,6)
(=0,8)
[s]
[m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
1.919313
12.58588
8.7823
48
7.4993
24
6.8591
19
7.677251
40.46391
25.249
78
20.117
69
17.556
86
17.27381
83.63409
49.402
3
37.855
08
32.093
23
25.80409
120.9098
69.773
47
52.523
93
43.916
71
41.79837
189.5669
106.73
45
78.793
05
64.850
79
61.63126
273.5162
151.38
05
110.18
12
89.623
5
76.98577
337.978
185.41
41
133.95
06
108.27
12
103.2164
447.4141
242.86
86
173.87
05
139.44
16
133.2856
572.1424
308.00
83
218.90
94
174.45
07
355.7042
251.77
93
199.92
26
5.48
10.97
16.46
20.12
25.61
31.1
34.76
40.25
45.73
49.39
1.39
2.79
4.19
5.12
6.52
7.92
8.85
10.25
11.65
12.58
155.46
43
663.7903
1.10.1
Stabilitatea longitudinala a
automobilului.
Reprezinta capacitatea autovehiculului de a se opune alunecarii sau patinarii longituditudinale
precum si rasturnarii in raport cu o axa transversala.
Stabilitatea longitudinala la rasturnare:
Se considera ca automobilul se deplaseaza pe un drum plan pe directia dreptei
de cea mai mare panta care face unghiul cu orizontala locului.
Determinarea unghiului critic de rasturnare in plan longitudinale , la urcarea in
rampa, daca rasturnarea nu e precedata de alunecare sau patinare(punte motoare fata):
(2.67)
(2.68)
2,454>0,373 rasturnarea nu e posibila
Determinarea unghiului critic de rasturnare ,in plan longitudinal, la coborarea pantei, daca
rasturnarea nu e precedata de alunecare sau patinare:
(2.69)
Conditia ca patinarea sa apara inaintea rasturnarii:
(2.70)
0,8<2,007 rasturnarea nu e posiblia
[m/s]
234.02
(2.71)
[ m/s]
1.10.2
Stabiliatea transversala a
auvehiculului
Reprezinta capacitatea autovehiculului de a se opune deraparii (alunecarii transversale)sau a
rasturnarii transversale in raport cu dreapta care uneste centrele petelor de contact ale rotilor de
pe aceeasi punte a autoturismului.
Datorita vitezei critice de rasturnare in viraj ,la deplasarea pe drum cu inclinare transversala:
Unde :
R - raza de viraj
unghiul de inclinare transversala a drumului ,la care alre loc rasturnarea auovehiculului
in plan transversal.
Rezultatele sunr prezentate in tabelul 2.17:
Viteza critica de rasturnare in viraj Tabelul 2.17
R[m]
25
61.25292
62.43172
63.1541
64.64983
65.49626
66.86703
30
67.09921
68.39053
69.18185
70.82034
71.74756
73.24916
35
72.47543
73.87021
74.72494
76.49471
77.49622
79.11814
40
77.47949
78.97058
79.88432
81.77628
82.84694
84.58085
45
82.17941
83.76095
84.73011
86.73684
87.87245
89.71154
50
86.62471
88.29179
89.31338
91.42866
92.6257
94.56426
55
90.85276
92.60121
93.67266
95.89119
97.14665
99.17984
60
94.89261
96.71881
97.83791
100.1551
101.4664
103.59
65
98.76736
100.6681
101.8329
104.2447
105.6095
107.8198
70
102.4957
104.4683
105.677
108.1799
109.5962
111.8899
75
106.0932
108.1349
109.3861
111.9768
113.4428
115.8171
80
109.5726
111.6813
112.9735
115.6491
117.1633
119.6154
85
112.9448
115.1184
116.4504
119.2084
120.7691
123.2967
90
116.2192
118.4559
119.8265
122.6644
124.2704
126.8713
95
119.4039
121.7018
123.11
126.0257
127.6757
130.3478
100
122.5058
124.8634
126.3082
129.2997
130.9925
133.7341
105
125.5311
127.947
129.4274
132.4927
134.2274
137.0366
110
128.4852
130.9579
132.4732
135.6106
137.3861
140.2615
115
131.3729
133.9011
135.4504
138.6584
140.4738
143.4138
120
134.1984
136.7811
138.3637
141.6407
143.4951
146.4983
125
136.9657
139.6016
141.2169
144.5614
146.4541
149.5192
130
139.6781
142.3662
144.0135
147.4243
149.3545
152.4803
135
142.3389
145.0782
146.7569
150.2326
152.1996
155.3849
140
144.9509
147.7404
149.4499
152.9894
154.9924
158.2363
145
147.5166
150.3555
152.0952
155.6974
157.7359
161.0371
150
150.0384
152.9259
154.6953
158.3591
160.4324
163.7901
Unde :
R[m]
25
24.68036
25.135632
26.14651
27.29835
28.4605
29.02413
30
27.03598
27.534705
28.64207
29.90385
31.17691
31.79434
35
29.20219
29.740881
30.93697
32.29985
33.67492
34.34181
40
31.21846
31.794339
33.07301
34.52999
36
36.71294
45
33.11217
33.722989
35.07922
36.62458
38.18377
38.93995
50
34.90329
35.547152
36.97675
38.6057
40.24922
41.04632
55
36.60688
37.282167
38.78154
40.49
42.21374
43.04974
60
38.23464
38.939954
40.506
42.29042
44.09082
44.96399
65
39.79588
40.529989
42.15998
44.01727
45.89118
46.8
70
41.29814
42.059957
43.75148
45.67888
47.62352
48.56666
75
42.74763
43.536192
45.28708
47.28213
49.29503
50.27126
80
44.14956
44.963986
46.7723
48.83278
50.91169
51.91994
85
45.50833
46.347815
48.21178
50.33567
52.47857
53.51785
90
46.82768
47.691509
49.60952
51.79498
54
55.06941
95
48.11087
48.998367
50.96893
53.21428
55.47973
56.57844
100
49.36071
50.271264
52.29302
54.5967
56.921
58.04826
105
50.57968
51.512717
53.5844
55.94497
58.32667
59.48176
110
51.76995
52.724947
54.84538
57.26151
59.69925
60.88152
115
52.93347
53.909925
56.07802
58.54844
61.04097
62.24982
120
54.07195
55.069411
57.28413
59.80769
62.35383
63.58868
125
55.18695
56.204982
58.46537
61.04097
63.63961
64.89992
130
56.27987
57.31806
59.62322
62.24982
64.89992
66.18519
135
57.35197
58.409931
60.759
63.43564
66.13622
67.44598
140
58.40438
59.481762
61.87394
64.59969
67.34983
68.68362
145
59.43817
60.534618
62.96914
65.74314
68.54196
69.89936
150
60.45428
61.569473
64.04561
66.86703
69.7137
71.0943
Tabelul 2.19
R[m]
25
34.1526
35.54715
36.44722
37.32559
38.18377
39.02307
30
37.4123
38.93995
39.92593
40.88814
41.82822
42.74763
35
40.4099
42.05996
43.12493
44.16424
45.17964
46.17272
40
43.2
44.96399
46.10249
47.21356
48.29907
49.36071
45
45.82052
47.69151
48.89908
50.07754
51.2289
52.35494
50
48.29907
50.27126
51.54416
52.78636
54
55.18695
55
50.65649
52.72495
54.05997
55.3628
56.63568
57.88057
60
52.90898
55.06941
56.46379
57.82456
59.15404
60.45428
65
55.06941
57.31806
58.76938
60.18571
61.56947
62.92281
70
57.14823
59.48176
60.98787
62.45767
63.89366
65.29809
75
59.15404
61.56947
63.12844
64.64983
66.13622
67.58994
80
61.09403
63.58868
65.19877
66.77005
68.3052
69.80659
85
62.97428
65.54571
67.20536
68.825
70.40739
71.95499
90
64.8
67.44598
69.15374
70.82034
72.4486
74.04107
95
66.57567
69.29416
71.04872
72.76098
74.43386
76.06997
100
68.3052
71.0943
72.89444
74.65119
76.36753
78.04614
105
69.992
72.84998
74.69458
76.49471
78.25343
79.9735
110
71.6391
74.56433
76.45234
78.29483
80.09494
81.85548
115
73.24916
76.24015
78.17058
80.05448
81.89505
83.69516
120
74.82459
77.87991
79.85186
81.77628
83.65644
85.49526
125
76.36753
79.48585
81.49847
83.46257
85.3815
87.25824
130
77.87991
81.05998
83.11245
85.11545
87.07238
88.98629
135
79.36347
82.60412
84.69569
86.73684
88.73105
90.68142
140
80.8198
84.11991
86.24987
88.32848
90.35928
92.34544
145
82.25035
85.60888
87.77653
89.89194
91.95869
93.98
150
83.65644
87.07238
89.2771
91.42866
93.53074
95.58661
Tabelul 2.17
R[m]
25
42.97441
43.57339
44.45672
45.37286
46.19727
47.39848
30
47.07611
47.73225
48.6999
49.70347
50.60658
51.92243
35
50.84801
51.55673
52.6019
53.68589
54.66135
56.08264
40
54.35881
55.11646
56.2338
57.39263
58.43544
59.95486
45
57.65622
58.45983
59.64495
60.87407
61.98015
63.59174
50
60.77499
61.62207
62.8713
64.16691
65.33281
67.03157
55
63.74135
64.62978
65.93997
67.29882
68.52163
70.30331
60
66.57567
67.5036
68.87206
70.29133
71.56851
73.42941
65
69.29416
70.25997
71.68431
73.16153
74.49086
76.42775
70
71.90994
72.91222
74.39032
75.92331
77.30282
79.31283
75
74.43386
75.47132
77.0013
78.58809
80.01602
82.09658
80
76.87496
77.94644
79.5266
81.16543
82.64019
84.78898
85
79.2409
80.34535
81.97414
83.66341
85.18356
87.39848
90
81.53821
82.67469
84.3507
86.08894
87.65316
89.93229
95
83.77255
84.94017
86.6621
88.44798
90.05506
92.39665
100
85.94882
87.14677
88.91344
90.74571
92.39455
94.79696
105
88.07133
89.29887
91.10917
92.98668
94.67624
97.13798
110
90.14388
91.40031
93.2532
95.1749
96.90422
99.42389
115
92.16984
93.4545
95.34904
97.31393
99.08211
101.6584
120
94.15222
95.46451
97.39979
99.40695
101.2132
103.8449
125
96.0937
97.43305
99.40825
101.4568
103.3002
105.9862
130
97.99673
99.36261
101.3769
103.466
105.346
108.0852
135
99.86351
101.2554
103.3081
105.437
107.3528
110.1441
140
101.696
103.1135
105.2038
107.3718
109.3227
112.1653
145
103.4961
104.9386
107.066
109.2723
111.2578
114.1507
150
105.2654
106.7326
108.8963
111.1403
113.1597
116.1021
Tabelul 2.18
R[m]
25
49.62258
50.23903
51.51272
52.13789
53.36628
54.29917
30
54.35881
55.0341
56.42935
57.1142
58.45983
59.48176
35
58.71422
59.44362
60.95067
61.69039
63.14384
64.24765
40
62.76814
63.5479
65.15901
65.9498
67.5036
68.68362
45
66.57567
67.40273
69.11156
69.95033
71.59838
72.84998
50
70.17692
71.04872
72.84998
73.73412
75.47132
76.79062
55
73.60217
74.51652
76.40571
77.33299
79.15499
80.53869
60
76.87496
77.82997
79.80316
80.77168
82.67469
84.11991
65
80.014
81.008
83.06176
84.06983
86.05054
87.55478
70
83.03445
84.06597
86.19726
87.24338
89.29887
90.85989
75
85.94882
87.01655
89.22264
90.30548
92.43311
94.04892
80
88.76756
89.87031
92.14875
93.2671
95.46451
97.13331
85
91.49951
92.63619
94.98476
96.13753
98.40256
100.1227
90
94.15222
95.32185
97.73851
98.9247
101.2554
103.0254
95
96.73221
97.9339
100.4168
101.6355
104.03
105.8486
100
99.24515
100.4781
103.0254
104.2758
106.7326
108.5983
105
101.696
102.9594
105.5697
106.8509
109.3683
111.2802
110
104.0892
105.3823
108.054
109.3654
111.9421
113.8989
115
106.4286
107.7507
110.4825
111.8233
114.4579
116.4587
120
108.7176
110.0682
112.8587
114.2284
116.9197
118.9635
125
110.9595
112.3379
115.1859
116.5839
119.3306
121.4166
130
113.1569
114.5626
117.4671
118.8927
121.6938
123.8212
135
115.3124
116.745
119.7047
121.1575
124.012
126.1799
140
117.4284
118.8872
121.9013
123.3808
126.2877
128.4953
145
119.507
120.9916
124.0591
125.5647
128.523
130.7697
150
121.55
123.06
126.1799
127.7112
130.7202
133.0053
(2.74)
=0,8 < 1,17 - conditia este indeplinita pentru orice valoare a lui .
(2.75)
[m]
Unde:
1=
2=
1.10.3
Calculul oscilatiilor
autovehiculului
Se considera automobilul un model dinamic cu doua grade de libertate (fig.2.2)
[N/mm]
(2.76)
N/mm
Unde:
[N/mm]
(2.77)
N/mm
(2.78)
[N/mm]
N/mm
Unde:
(2.79)
[N/mm]
N/mm
(2.80)
Unde :
Miscarile punctelor A si B vor fi declupate daca prima ecuatie este numai functie de zf iar a doua
numai de zs . Acest lucru este posibil daca este indeplinita conditia :
(2.81)
Din relatia (2.81) obtinem :
[m]
(2.82)
Calculul pulsatiilor si frecventelor proprii de oscilatie ale automobilului pentru diferite excitatii din
partea drumului.
Pulsatiile punctelor A si B :
[s -1]
[s -1]
[Hz]
[Hz]
(2.85)
(2.86)
(2.83)
(2.84)