CALCULUL DINAMIC MAC

Categoria Autocisterna
Marca VOLVO
Model FL 6
Combustibil DIESEL
Putere maxima Pm

Turatie maxima �_𝑚𝑎�

Turatie nominala �_�
Turatia momentului maxim �_�
Coeficient de elasticitate c
Momentul maxim �_𝑚𝑎�

1.PARAMETRII CONSTRUCTIVI AI AUTOVEHICULULUI

1.1 Stabilirea parametrilor constructivi

Parametrii dimensionali [mm] Simbol
Ampatamentul [L] L
Ecartamentul [B] B
Lungimea totala [A] A
Consola fata [c1] c1
Consola spate [c2] c2
Latime totala [I] I
Inaltimea totala [H] H

Parametrii de greutate [N]

Simbol
Numar de locuri N
Masa proprie [m0] m0
Masa pasageri [mp] mp
Masa bagaj pasager [mbp] mbp
Masa bagaj suplimentar [mbs] mbs
Acceleratie gravitationala [g] g
Masa autovehicul ma
Masa incarcatura mi
Masa utila [mu] mu
Greutate incarcatura Gi
Greutatea utila [Gu] Gu
 Greutatea proprie [G0] G0
Greutatea totala [Ga] Ga

1.2 Stabilirea greutatii puntii [mm]

Simbol
Se adopta a/L

Distributia centrului de gr fata de axafata [a] a

Distributia centrului de gr fata de axa spate [b] b

Distributia greutatii pe puntea fata [G1] G1

Distributia greutatii pe puntea spate [G2] G2

Numarul rotilor pe puntea fata [n1] n1

Numarul rotilor pe puntea spate[n2] n2

Greutatea rotilor pe puntea fata [Gr1] Gr1

Greutatea rotilor pe puntea spate [Gr2] Gr2

1.3 Alegerea pneurilor si stabilirea razei dinamice

Simbol
Alegerea pneului
Latimea [B]
Raportul 100*H/B [rp]
Diametrul jantei [inch] [d]
Indice de sarcina
Categoria de viteza
Raportul de transformare inch-mm 1
Latime pneu [B] B
Inaltime pneu [H] H
Diametrul jantei [d] d
Raza jantei [rj] rj
Diametrul pneului [D] D

Coeficient de deformare a pneului [l] l

Coeficient ce tine seama de incarcarea pneului [k] k
Raza nominala a pneului [rn] = raza libera [r0] rn
Raza de lucriu[r] r
Raza statica a pneului [rs] rs
Raza dinamica [rd] rd
2. CALCULUL PARAMETRILOR DINAMICI AI AUTOVEHICULULUI

2.1 Calcului vitezei maxime a autovehiculului si a rezistentei aerului

Coeficientul de rezisteta a aerului [cx] cx

Densitate aer [ρ] ρ
Randamentul de transmisie [htr] ηtr
Factorul de rezistenta la rulare [f] f
Coeficientul aerodinamic [K] K
Suprafatamfrontala maxima a autovehicululu [S] S

Din bilantul de otere rezulta ecuatia va max ν_𝑎^3 max 〖 + 𝐴𝐴∗ 〗 ν_�max - BB = 0
forumulele lui Cordon de rezolvare a ecuatiei
Raportul AA [AA]
RaportulBB [BB]

Viteza maxima a autovehiculului [Va max] Va max

Rezistenta aerului Ra

2.2 Caracteristica exterioara a motorului

Simbol
Puterea maxima Pm

Turatia nominala nn
Coeficientul de elasticitate c
Turatia momentului maxim nM
Parametri:
α1 α1
α2 α2
α3 α3

Puterea efectiva Pei

Momentul maxim MM
Momentul nominal Mp
Momentul efectiv Me
 Se adopta consumul specific efectiv la turaţie nominală ce

Parametri:
α1' α1'=
α2' α2'=
α3' α3'=

Momentul maxim �_𝑚𝑎�

 n  n 
2
ni (rot/min)
M e  M m 1   2   3  
 nm  nm   1000
1100
 1200
 n 
2 3
n  n
Pe  Pm 1  2    3    1400

 n m  n m   n m   1600
1680
M M
c e  c min  1800
M e 2000
2200
2400
2600
c e  Pe
Ce  2800
1000 3000
3080
3100
3200

2.3 Determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere din cutia de viteze.

Simbol
Coeficientul de deformare a roţii λ = λ
Unghiul maxim al pantei αmax = α
Coeficientul schimbării dinamice a reacţiunilor
la puntea motoare𝑚_2
m2 =
Coeficientul de aderenţă ϕ ϕ
Raza de lucru a roţii r r
r
Raportul de transmitere al transmisiei principale i0
 Coeficientul rezistenţei totale a drumului ψmax
f×cosαmax+sinαmax = 0,018×cos15+sin15 = ψmax
Viteza critică în treapta întâi la urcarea rampei maxime �_𝑐𝑟�

Pentru punte motoare spate cu incarcare maxima mm

Raportul de transmitere al treptei întâi �_𝑘�
Verificare:
4.5610079318
Ga max r G m
iKI  m m
Se alege o cutie de viteze cu şase rapoarte. MM tr i0 MM 
Valoarea raţiei geometrice q = ikI1/(n-1) =
Raportul de transmitere al treptei a doua ikI =ikl*q
Raportul de transmitere al treptei a doua ikII = ikIq-(2-1) =
Raportul de transmitere al treptei a treia ikIII = ikIq-(3-1) =
Raportul de transmitere al treptei a patra ikIV = ikIq-(4-1) =
Raportul de transmitere al treptei a cincea ikV = ikIq-(5-1) =
Raportul de transmitere al treptei a şasea ikVI = ikIq-(6-1) =

Se adoptă următoarele rapoarte de transmitere ale cutiei de viteze:

Turatia minima de schimbare a treptelor de viteza n nm

n 
q

Treapta ikI
Valoarea 4.561343902

2.4 Determinarea vitezelor maxime

m/s
VImax = 5.32
VIImax= 7.20
VIIImax= 9.75
VIVmax= 13.21
VVmax= 17.90
VVImax= 24.25

n(rot/min) Me(Nm) Vtr I

 1000 534.7234329446 1.73
1100 544.2612518222 1.90
1200 552.2851311953 2.07
1300 558.7950710641 2.24
1400 563.7910714286 2.42
1500 567.2731322886 2.59
1600 569.2412536443 2.76
1700 569.6954354956 2.93
1800 568.6356778426 3.11
1900 566.0619806851 3.28
2000 561.9743440233 3.45
2100 556.3727678571 3.62
2200 549.2572521866 3.80
2274 543.0170963375 3.92
2300 540.6277970117 3.97
2400 530.4844023324 4.14
2500 518.8270681487 4.31
2600 505.6557944606 4.49
2700 490.9705812682 4.66
2800 474.7714285714 4.83
2900 457.0583363703 5.01
3000 437.8313046647 5.18
3080 421.3596428571 5.32
3100 417.0903334548 5.35
3200 394.8354227405 5.52

2.5 Caracteristica de tracţiune. Caracteristica dinamică.

Me  io  i cv   tr nn * ik 2
Forta de tractiune: FRK  n2  
r ik 1

Factorul dinamic: FRk  K  S  va 2

Dk 
Ga

Turatia Puterea Moment

n Pe Me
[rot/min] [W] [Nm]
1000 46.66 534.72
1100 52.24 544.26
1200 57.83 552.29
 1300 63.39 558.80
1400 68.88 563.79
1500 74.25 567.27
1600 79.48 569.24
1700 84.51 569.70
1800 89.31 568.64
1900 93.85 566.06
2000 98.08 561.97
2100 101.95 556.37
2200 105.44 549.26
2274 107.75 543.02
2300 108.50 540.63
2400 111.10 530.48
2500 113.18 518.83
2600 114.72 505.66
2700 115.67 490.97
2800 116.00 474.77
2900 115.66 457.06
3000 114.62 437.83
3080 113.25 421.36
3100 112.83 417.09
3200 110.25 394.84

Performantele autovehiculului


Coef.maselor in miscare:
k  1    ik
2

6    0.01...0.06  0.03

curbele acceleratiei cu relatia: g  (Dk  f )

a 
k

Treapta I
n V D
(rot/min) -
1000 1.726 0.254
1100 1.90 0.258
1200 2.07 0.262
1300 2.24 0.265
 1400 2.42 0.268
1500 2.59 0.269
1600 2.76 0.270
1700 2.93 0.270
1800 3.11 0.270
1900 3.28 0.269
2000 3.45 0.267
2020 3.62 0.264
2100 3.80 0.260
2200 3.92 0.257
2300 3.97 0.256
2400 4.14 0.251
2500 4.31 0.246
2600 4.49 0.240
2700 4.66 0.233
2800 4.83 0.225
2900 5.01 0.216
3000 5.18 0.207
3080 5.32 0.199
3100 5.35 0.197
3200 5.52 0.187

2.6 Timpul de demarare. Spaţiul de demarare.

1 1  vi  vi1
Timpul de demarare este dat de relatia: t d  t i1    
 a i a i1  2

vi  vi1
Spatiul de demarare de relatia: Sd  Si1  (ti  ti1)vi  (ti  ti1)
2
Calculul timpului şi spaţiului de demarare se face până la atingerea vitezei de 0,9vmax, care este de aprox

0.9*Vmax = 21.8232234747

Turatia Treapta I
n Viteza I 1/a
[rot/min] [m/s] [m/s2]
1000 1.73 0.70
1100 1.90 0.69
1200 2.07 0.68
1300 2.24 0.67
1400 2.42 0.66
1500 2.59 0.66
1600 2.76 0.66
1700 2.93 0.66
1800 3.11 0.66
1900 3.28 0.66
2000 3.45 0.67
2100 3.62 0.67
2200 3.80 0.68
2274 3.92 0.69
2300 3.97 0.69
2400 4.14 0.71
2500 4.31 0.73
2600 4.49 0.75
2700 4.66 0.77
2800 4.83 0.80
2900 5.01 0.83
3000 5.18 0.88
3080 5.32 0.91

V (m/s) 1/a (s2/m)

1.73 0.70
1.90 0.69
2.07 0.68
2.24 0.67
2.42 0.66
2.59 0.66
2.76 0.66
2.93 0.66
3.11 0.66
3.28 0.66
3.45 0.67
3.62 0.67
3.80 0.68
3.92 0.69
3.97 0.69
4.14 0.71
4.31 0.73
4.49 0.75
4.66 0.77
4.83 0.80
 5.01 0.83
5.18 0.88
5.32 0.91
5.38 0.97
5.61 0.99
5.85 1.02
6.08 1.05
6.31 1.08
6.55 1.13
6.78 1.18
7.01 1.24
7.20 1.29
7.28 1.38
7.60 1.41
7.92 1.45
8.23 1.50
8.55 1.55
8.87 1.62
9.18 1.70
9.50 1.79
9.75 1.88
9.87 2.02
10.30 2.07
10.73 2.14
11.15 2.22
11.58 2.32
12.01 2.44
12.44 2.58
12.87 2.75
13.21 2.92
13.37 3.16
13.95 3.28
14.53 3.43
15.11 3.62
15.69 3.84
16.27 4.12
16.85 4.46
17.44 4.91
17.90 5.37
18.11 6.03
18.89 6.51
19.68 7.13
20.47 7.96
21.26 9.11
22.04 10.77
 22.83 13.40
23.62 18.11
24.25 25.76

0.9*Vamax = 21.82

2.7 Bilantul de puteri

Pa  K  S  v a3 PR  Pe   tr
Pr  G a  f  v a
3   Ga
  Ga PR  Ga  f  va  K  S  va   a  va
Pd   a  va g
g

Puterea
Turatia Pe Viteza VI
n [kW] [m/s]
1000 46.7 7.87
1100 52.2 8.66
1200 57.8 9.45
1300 63.4 10.23
1400 68.9 11.02
1500 74.3 11.81
1600 79.5 12.60
1700 84.5 13.38
1800 89.3 14.17
1900 93.8 14.96
2000 98.1 15.75
2100 102.0 16.53
2200 105.4 17.32
2274 107.8 17.90
2300 108.5 18.11
2400 111.1 18.89
2500 113.2 19.68
2600 114.7 20.47
2700 115.7 21.26
2800 116.0 22.04
2900 115.7 22.83
3000 114.6 23.62
 3080 113.2 24.25

3. CALCULUL PARAMETRILOR FRÂNĂRII.

3.1. Spaţiul de frânare minim.

Dacă nu se ţine cont de forţa de rezistenţă a aerului Fa:

va²
Sfmin =
2g((+f)cos + sin)

Pentru unghiul de înclinare al şoselei  =

 0.2 0.4
va [m/s] Sfmin[m] Sfmin [m]
0 0 0
2 0.9351999925 0.4877358813
4 3.7407999701 1.9509435251
6 8.4167999327 4.3896229314
8 14.9631998803 7.8037741002
10 23.379999813 12.1933970316
12 33.6671997307 17.5584917256
14 45.8247996334 23.899058182
16 59.8527995212 31.215096401
18 75.751199394 39.5066063825
20 93.5199992518 48.7735881266
22 113.1591990947 59.0160416331
24 134.6687989227 70.2339669022

Dacă se ţine cont de forţa de rezistenţă a aerului Fa:

Sfmin = Ga/(2gkS)ln

 0.2
va [m/s] Sfmin[m]
0 0
2 0.9349162065
4 3.7362648973
6 8.3938873921
 8 14.8909885383
10 23.2043370875
12 33.3045391943
14 45.1563783661
16 58.7192137747
18 73.9474277474
20 90.7909125067
22 109.1955858473
24 129.103925402

Pentru unghiul de înclinare al şoselei  =

 0.2
va [m/s] Sfmin[m]
0 0
2 0.6699180259
4 2.6796721035
6 6.0292622328

Pentru unghiul de înclinare al şoselei  =

 0.2
va [m/s] Sfmin[m]
0 0
2 0.9387723046
4 3.7550892182

Pentru unghiul de înclinare al şoselei  =

 0.2
va [m/s] Sfmin[m]
0 0
2 0.4840903017

3.2. Acceleraţia de frânare.

af = g/Ga(Gacos+Gafcos+Gasin+kSva²)
Pentru unghiul de înclinare al şoselei  =

 0.2
va [m/s] af [m/s²]
0 2.13858
2 2.1398784275
4 2.1437737101
6 2.1502658478
8 2.1593548405
10 2.1710406883
12 2.1853233912
14 2.2022029492
16 2.2216793622
18 2.2437526302
20 2.2684227534
22 2.2956897316
24 2.3255535649

4. CALCULUL PARAMETRILOR DE STABILITATE.

4.1 Viteza critică de răsturnare.

vcr =

Pentru drum orizontal, unghiul de înclinare transversal b r = 0

R [m] 50
vcr [m/s] 18.36351682
vcr [km/h] 66.1086605522

4.2. Viteza critică de derapare.

vcd =

Pentru drum orizontal, unghiul de înclinare transversal b d =

  R [m] 50
0.2 vcd [m/s] 9.9045444115
0.4 vcd [m/s] 6.2342146475
0.6 vcd [m/s] 6.0576057494
0.8 vcd [m/s] 6.8949321912
 116 KW
116000 W
3080 rot/min
2800 rot/min
1680 rot/min
0.6
474.7714286 Nm

Valori [UM]
3500 mm
2200 mm
4650 mm
mm
mm
2300 mm
2250 mm

Valori [UM] Se adopta interval Formule

2
7000 kg
75 kg
10 kg
125 kg mbs=(50…200)kg
10 m/ss
11495 kg
4200 kg
4495 kg mu=(mp+mbp)*N+mbs
42000 N
44950 N Gu=mu*g
 70000 N G0=m0*g
114950 N Ga=Gu+G0

�=𝑎/�
Valori [UM] Se adopta interval
mm x=(0.45…0.54) x= 0.49
xinc=(0.49…0.55)
1715 mm a=L*x
1785 mm b=L-a
�1=𝑏/�∗�𝑎
34485 N
80465 N �2=𝑎/�∗��

2
4 �_𝑟1= �1/�1
17242.5 N �_�2 "= "
20116.25 N �2/�2

Valori [UM]

265 mm
70 %
19.5 inch

km/h
25.4 mm
265 mm
185.5 mm H = (𝐵 ∗ 𝑟𝑝)/100
495.3 mm
𝑟�=𝑑/2
247.65 mm
866.3 mm D = d+2*H

0.933
0.13
433.15 mm r=l*rn 𝑟�=𝑟0=𝐷/2
404.12895 mm rs=d/2+H(1-k)
409.035 mm rd=l*rs
381.629655 mm
 1.2 Autotren rutier Cx=(1.0……1.25)
1.225 kg/m3 ρ=1.225 kg/m3
0.9 htr=(0.85….0.96)
0.018 f=(0.015….0.02) drum de asfalt bun
0.735 kg/m3 �=(ρ∗𝑐�)/2
5.175 m2

〗 ν_�max - BB = 0

543.9810707 N/m2 𝐴𝐴= (�_𝑎∗𝑓)/(𝑘∗𝑠) 𝐵𝐵=(𝜂𝑡𝑟∗𝑃�)/(𝑘∗𝑠)

27447.50074 N/m2

24.24802608 m/s Va max = √(3&𝐵𝐵/2+√(( 〖

〖� /2)
� 〗 ^2+(
87.3 km/h

2236.405101 N
Ra=k*s*νmax^2

Valori [UM] Se adopta - interval Formule

116 KW
116000 W
2800 rot/min 𝑐=�_�/�_�
0.6 - c=(0.55…0.75)
1680 rot/min �_�=𝑐∗�_�

0.75 �1=(3−4∗𝑐)/2(1−𝑐)
1.5 �2=2∗𝑐/(2∗(1−𝑐))
-1.25 �3=−1/2(1−𝑐)

208.945
Nm
Nm
1187.752827 Nm
 220 kg/kW Curba consumului specific:
ci = ce[a1' - a2'(ni/nn) +a3'(ni/nn)²]

1.55
1.55
1

474.7714286 Nm

Pe (KW) Me (Nm) ci (g/kWh) Ci (kg/h)

46.65998542 534.723433 195.3340883352 9.1142857143
52.24148141 544.261252 191.9109874826 10.0257142857
57.83090379 552.285131 189.1228070175 10.9371428571
68.875 563.791071 185.2631578947 12.76
79.47521866 569.241254 183.4893617021 14.5828571429
83.52 569.725714 183.3333333333 15.312
89.31450437 568.635678 183.684771033 16.4057142857
98.07580175 561.974344 185.8620689655 18.2285714286
105.4420554 549.257252 190.1653803749 20.0514285714
111.0962099 530.484402 196.894977169 21.8742857143
114.7212099 505.655794 206.5628742515 23.6971428571
116 474.771429 220 25.52
114.6155248 437.831305 238.561549101 27.3428571429
113.245 421.359643 247.8873239437 28.072
112.8254829 417.090333 250.4246823956 28.2542857143
0 0 1000 0

Valori [UM] Se adopta - interval Formule

0.95
12 grade

1.3
0.8
0.4114925 m r = λ×Dr/2 = 0,95×866.3/2 =
411.4925 mm
5.473496793 i0 = π×r×nvmax/(30×ikvmax×iCDN×vmax)
 0.225518348
2.899627024 m/s vcrI = ηtr×PM/(Ga×ψmax)
10.5 km/h
1.2 1.15 - 1.25
4.561343902 ikI =π×r×nM/(30×i0×vcrI)

4.561343902 14.7234751
max r G  m  r
iK  m m
tr i0 I
MM tr i0
1.35462337
4.5613439
3.36724141
2.48573994
1.83500447
1.35462337
1

2273.694719 rot/min

ikII ikIII ikIV ikV ikVI

3.36724141 2.48573994 1.8350044713 1.3546233688 1

km/h raportul treptei

19.14 4.56
25.92 3.37
35.12 2.49
47.57 1.84
64.44 1.35
87.29 1.00

Vtr II Vtr III Vtr IV Vtr V Vtr VI

 2.34 3.17 4.29 5.81 7.87
2.57 3.48 4.72 6.39 8.66
2.81 3.80 5.15 6.97 9.45
3.04 4.12 5.58 7.56 10.23
3.27 4.43 6.01 8.14 11.02
3.51 4.75 6.44 8.72 11.81
3.74 5.07 6.86 9.30 12.60
3.97 5.38 7.29 9.88 13.38
4.21 5.70 7.72 10.46 14.17
4.44 6.02 8.15 11.04 14.96
4.68 6.33 8.58 11.62 15.75
4.91 6.65 9.01 12.20 16.53
5.14 6.97 9.44 12.79 17.32
5.32 7.20 9.76 13.22 17.90
5.38 7.28 9.87 13.37 18.11
5.61 7.60 10.30 13.95 18.89
5.85 7.92 10.73 14.53 19.68
6.08 8.23 11.15 15.11 20.47
6.31 8.55 11.58 15.69 21.26
6.55 8.87 12.01 16.27 22.04
6.78 9.18 12.44 16.85 22.83
7.01 9.50 12.87 17.44 23.62
7.20 9.75 13.21 17.90 24.25
7.25 9.82 13.30 18.02 24.41
7.48 10.13 13.73 18.60 25.19

2066.995199 rot/min

Treapta I Treapta II
Viteza I Fr D Viteza II Fr D
[m/s] [N] - [m/s] [N] -
1.73 29198.97 0.2539 2.34 21555.04 0.1873
1.90 29719.79 0.2584 2.57 21939.52 0.1906
2.07 30157.94 0.2622 2.81 22262.97 0.1934
 2.24 30513.42 0.2653 3.04 22525.39 0.1957
2.42 30786.23 0.2676 3.27 22726.78 0.1974
2.59 30976.37 0.2693 3.51 22867.14 0.1985
2.76 31083.84 0.2702 3.74 22946.48 0.1992
2.93 31108.64 0.2703 3.97 22964.79 0.1993
3.11 31050.77 0.2698 4.21 22922.07 0.1988
3.28 30910.23 0.2685 4.44 22818.32 0.1979
3.45 30687.02 0.2666 4.68 22653.55 0.1963
3.62 30381.14 0.2639 4.91 22427.74 0.1943
3.80 29992.60 0.2604 5.14 22140.91 0.1917
3.92 29651.85 0.2574 5.32 21889.37 0.1895
3.97 29521.38 0.2563 5.38 21793.05 0.1886
4.14 28967.49 0.2514 5.61 21384.17 0.1850
4.31 28330.93 0.2458 5.85 20914.25 0.1808
4.49 27611.71 0.2395 6.08 20383.31 0.1761
4.66 26809.81 0.2325 6.31 19791.34 0.1709
4.83 25925.24 0.2248 6.55 19138.34 0.1651
5.01 24958.01 0.2163 6.78 18424.31 0.1588
5.18 23908.10 0.2071 7.01 17649.26 0.1519
5.32 23008.65 0.1992 7.20 16985.28 0.1460
5.35 22775.52 0.1972 7.25 16813.18 0.1445
5.52 21560.28 0.1866 7.48 15916.07 0.1366

δ1 1.62
δ2 1.34
δ3 1.19
δ4 1.10
δ5 1.06
δ6 1.03

Treapta II
a 1/a V D a 1/a
(m/s2) (m/s2) - (m/s2) (m/s2)
1.425 0.702 2.338 0.187 1.023 0.978
1.452 0.689 2.572 0.191 1.043 0.959
1.475 0.678 2.806 0.193 1.060 0.944
1.494 0.670 3.039 0.196 1.073 0.932
 1.508 0.663 3.273 0.197 1.083 0.923
1.518 0.659 3.507 0.199 1.090 0.917
1.523 0.657 3.741 0.199 1.094 0.914
1.524 0.656 3.975 0.199 1.095 0.913
1.521 0.658 4.208 0.199 1.092 0.916
1.513 0.661 4.442 0.198 1.086 0.921
1.501 0.666 4.676 0.196 1.077 0.928
1.485 0.673 4.910 0.194 1.065 0.939
1.464 0.683 5.144 0.192 1.049 0.953
1.446 0.691 5.317 0.189 1.036 0.965
1.439 0.695 5.377 0.189 1.031 0.970
1.410 0.709 5.611 0.185 1.009 0.991
1.376 0.727 5.845 0.181 0.983 1.017
1.338 0.747 6.079 0.176 0.955 1.047
1.296 0.772 6.313 0.171 0.923 1.083
1.249 0.801 6.547 0.165 0.888 1.126
1.198 0.835 6.780 0.159 0.850 1.176
1.142 0.876 7.014 0.152 0.809 1.236
1.095 0.914 7.201 0.146 0.773 1.293
1.082 0.924 7.248 0.145 0.764 1.309
1.018 0.982 7.482 0.137 0.716 1.396

max
, care este de aproximativ 22 m/s.

Treapta II
td1 Sd Viteza II 1/a td2 Sd
[s] m [m/s] [m/s2] [s] m
0.61 0.52 2.34 0.98 1.12 1.57
0.65 0.62 2.57 0.96 1.21 1.86
0.70 0.73 2.81 0.94 1.30 2.18
0.75 0.84 3.04 0.93 1.39 2.53
0.80 0.97 3.27 0.92 1.48 2.90
0.85 1.10 3.51 0.92 1.58 3.31
0.91 1.25 3.74 0.91 1.68 3.75
0.96 1.41 3.97 0.91 1.78 4.23
1.02 1.59 4.21 0.92 1.89 4.76
1.08 1.78 4.44 0.92 2.00 5.33
1.15 1.98 4.68 0.93 2.13 5.95
1.22 2.21 4.91 0.94 2.26 6.63
1.30 2.46 5.14 0.95 2.40 7.39
1.36 2.66 5.32 0.97 2.51 7.99
1.38 2.74 5.38 0.97 2.55 8.21
1.47 3.04 5.61 0.99 2.72 9.13
1.57 3.38 5.85 1.02 2.90 10.16
1.68 3.76 6.08 1.05 3.10 11.31
1.80 4.19 6.31 1.08 3.33 12.60
1.93 4.68 6.55 1.13 3.59 14.07
2.09 5.23 6.78 1.18 3.87 15.75
2.27 5.87 7.01 1.24 4.21 17.69
2.43 6.45 7.20 1.29 4.51 19.47

td (s) Sd (m)
0.61 0.52
0.65 0.62
0.70 0.73
0.75 0.84
0.80 0.97
0.85 1.10
0.91 1.25
0.96 1.41
1.02 1.59
1.08 1.78
1.15 1.98
1.22 2.21
1.30 2.46
1.36 2.66
1.38 2.74
1.47 3.04
1.57 3.38
1.68 3.76
1.80 4.19
1.93 4.68
 2.09 5.23
2.27 5.87
2.43 6.45
2.55 8.21
2.72 9.13
2.90 10.16
3.10 11.31
3.33 12.60
3.59 14.07
3.87 15.75
4.21 17.69
4.51 19.47
4.79 21.63
5.11 24.08
5.46 26.81
5.85 29.88
6.28 33.35
6.77 37.31
7.33 41.85
7.97 47.14
8.56 52.01
9.17 59.23
9.80 66.08
10.50 73.79
11.27 82.51
12.15 92.44
13.15 103.87
14.29 117.15
15.63 132.76
16.87 147.37
18.23 164.50
19.58 184.67
21.10 207.67
22.82 234.15
24.80 264.97
27.10 301.28
29.83 344.73
33.11 397.73
36.28 449.40
40.02 507.37
43.81 582.45
48.32 673.29
53.84 785.97
60.82 930.42
70.07 1124.46
 83.23 1404.29
104.30 1858.91
135.08 2531.56

m/s

PR  Pr  Pa  Pd
  Ga
  a  va
g

Treapta VI
Pa Pr Pd PR a Pa+Pr
[kw] [kw] [kw] [kw] [m/s2] [kw]
1.86 16.29 20.45 41.99 0.22 18.15
2.47 17.92 22.85 47.02 0.22 20.39
3.21 19.55 25.18 52.05 0.22 22.75
4.08 21.18 27.40 57.05 0.22 25.25
5.09 22.81 29.48 61.99 0.22 27.90
6.26 24.43 31.39 66.83 0.22 30.70
7.60 26.06 33.09 71.53 0.22 33.67
9.12 27.69 34.54 76.06 0.21 36.81
10.82 29.32 35.72 80.38 0.21 40.15
12.73 30.95 36.58 84.46 0.20 43.68
14.85 32.58 37.10 88.27 0.20 47.43
17.19 34.21 37.24 91.76 0.19 51.40
19.76 35.84 36.96 94.90 0.18 55.60
21.82 37.04 36.47 96.98 0.17 58.87
22.58 37.47 36.24 97.65 0.17 60.05
25.66 39.09 35.03 99.99 0.15 64.75
29.00 40.72 33.31 101.86 0.14 69.72
32.62 42.35 31.03 103.25 0.13 74.97
36.53 43.98 28.17 104.11 0.11 80.51
40.74 45.61 24.69 104.40 0.09 86.35
45.27 47.24 20.56 104.09 0.07 92.51
50.11 48.87 15.74 103.15 0.06 98.98
 54.23 50.17 11.36 101.92 0.04 104.40

va²

0°

0.6 0.8
Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m]
0 0
0.329892554 0.24923423
1.319570216 0.99693691
2.969032986 2.24310805
5.278280864 3.98774765
8.24731385 6.2308557
11.87613194 8.9724322
16.16473515 12.2124772
21.11312346 15.9509906
26.72129687 20.1879725
32.9892554 24.9234228
39.91699903 30.1573416
47.50452778 35.8897288

Gacos+Gafcos+Gasin+kSva²
Gacos+Gafcos+Gasin

0.4 0.6 0.8

Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m]
0 0 0
0.487658678 0.07208547 0.0148175881
1.949709055 1.15086819 0.2368393834
4.383380008 5.79990528 1.1967328652
7.784072417 18.1800106 3.7707673344
12.14538802 43.7788663 9.1638499188
17.4591693 88.8651323 18.8769122098
23.71554982 159.608371 34.6513341231
30.90301446 260.954994 58.383849189
39.00846867 395.551586 92.0089290024
48.01731607 563.114207 137.3524226878
57.91354319 760.513576 195.9694239025
68.67981061 982.52248 268.9883901516

5°

0.4 0.6 0.8

Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m]
0 0 0
0.404860439 0.29008597 0.2305971567
1.619441757 1.16034387 0.9223886267
3.643743954 2.61077372 2.0753744101

10 °

0.4 0.6 0.8

Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m]
0 0 0
0.489598953 0.33115269 0.255815453
1.958395812 1.32461076 1.023261812

12 °

0.4 0.6 0.8

Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m] Sfmin [m]
0 0 0
0.330546486 0.2509501 0.2058435684
 0°

0.4 0.6 0.8

af [m/s²] af [m/s²] af [m/s²]
4.102064598 6.06804214 8.036532394
4.102066401 6.06804214 8.036532394
4.102071817 6.06804216 8.0365323941
4.102080866 6.06804218 8.0365323942
4.102093581 6.06804222 8.0365323943
4.102110008 6.06804226 8.0365323945
4.102130205 6.06804231 8.0365323947
4.102154245 6.06804238 8.0365323949
4.102182214 6.06804245 8.0365323952
4.102214209 6.06804254 8.0365323956
4.102250343 6.06804263 8.036532396
4.10229074 6.06804274 8.0365323964
4.102335539 6.06804286 8.0365323968

(gR(tgb r+B/2hg))0,5
(1-(B/2hg)tgb r)0,5
hg = 1.6 m
° g= 9.81 N

100 150 200 250

25.96993454 31.8065441 36.7270336401 41.0620719156
93.49176434 114.503559 132.2173211043 147.8234588961

(gR(+tgb d))0,5
(1-tgb d)0,5

0°
 100 150 200 250
14.00714104 17.1551741 19.8090888231 22.1472345904
7.413772415 8.20468789 8.8165109052 9.322325275
6.605865911 6.94930161 7.2037478571 7.4075101464
7.200196919 7.38499283 7.5189768707 7.6245747179
conformitate cu STAS 6926/1-90, la determinarea masei utile
se vor considera următoarele:
- masa personalului de serviciu permanent la bord: 75 kg;
- masa unui pasager: 68 kg;
- masa bagajului pentru un pasager:
7 kg la autoturisme şi autobuze urbane,
20 kg la autobuze interurbane,
25 kg la autobuze turistice.
l=(0.93….0.95)
k=0.1…..0.16
/2+√(( 〖 𝐵𝐵/2) 〗 ^2+( 〖 𝐴𝐴/3) 〗 ^3 ))−√(3&−𝐵𝐵/2+√( 〖 (𝐵𝐵/2) 〗 ^2+ 〖 (𝐴𝐴/3) 〗 ^3 ))
Curba consumului orar:
Ci =ci×Pei/1000
 Treapta III Treapta IV Treapta V
Viteza III Fr D Viteza IV Fr D Viteza V Fr D
[m/s] [N] - [m/s] [N] - [m/s] [N] -
3.17 15912.20 0.1381 4.29 11746.59 0.1016 5.81 8671.48 0.0743
3.48 16196.03 0.1405 4.72 11956.11 0.1033 6.39 8826.15 0.0754
3.80 16434.80 0.1425 5.15 12132.38 0.1047 6.97 8956.27 0.0763
 4.12 16628.52 0.1441 5.58 12275.39 0.1058 7.56 9061.84 0.0769
4.43 16777.19 0.1453 6.01 12385.14 0.1065 8.14 9142.86 0.0773
4.75 16880.81 0.1461 6.44 12461.63 0.1070 8.72 9199.33 0.0775
5.07 16939.38 0.1465 6.86 12504.86 0.1072 9.30 9231.25 0.0774
5.38 16952.90 0.1465 7.29 12514.84 0.1071 9.88 9238.61 0.0771
5.70 16921.36 0.1461 7.72 12491.56 0.1067 10.46 9221.43 0.0766
6.02 16844.77 0.1453 8.15 12435.02 0.1060 11.04 9179.69 0.0758
6.33 16723.13 0.1442 8.58 12345.23 0.1050 11.62 9113.40 0.0748
6.65 16556.44 0.1426 9.01 12222.17 0.1036 12.20 9022.56 0.0736
6.97 16344.70 0.1406 9.44 12065.86 0.1020 12.79 8907.17 0.0721
7.20 16159.01 0.1389 9.76 11928.78 0.1006 13.22 8805.98 0.0708
7.28 16087.91 0.1382 9.87 11876.29 0.1001 13.37 8767.23 0.0704
7.60 15786.06 0.1354 10.30 11653.47 0.0979 13.95 8602.74 0.0684
7.92 15439.16 0.1322 10.73 11397.38 0.0953 14.53 8413.69 0.0662
8.23 15047.22 0.1287 11.15 11108.04 0.0925 15.11 8200.10 0.0638
8.55 14610.22 0.1247 11.58 10785.44 0.0894 15.69 7961.95 0.0611
8.87 14128.16 0.1203 12.01 10429.59 0.0860 16.27 7699.25 0.0582
9.18 13601.06 0.1155 12.44 10040.47 0.0822 16.85 7412.00 0.0551
9.50 13028.91 0.1104 12.87 9618.10 0.0782 17.44 7100.20 0.0517
9.75 12538.75 0.1059 13.21 9256.26 0.0747 17.90 6833.09 0.0488
9.82 12411.70 0.1048 13.30 9162.47 0.0739 18.02 6763.85 0.0481
10.13 11749.44 0.0988 13.73 8673.59 0.0692 18.60 6402.95 0.0443

Treapta III Treapta IV Treapta V

V D a 1/a V D a 1/a V
- (m/s2) (m/s2) - (m/s2) (m/s2)
3.167 0.138 0.725 1.379 4.290 0.102 0.505 1.981 5.812
3.484 0.140 0.740 1.352 4.719 0.103 0.515 1.942 6.393
3.801 0.142 0.752 1.330 5.148 0.105 0.523 1.910 6.974
4.117 0.144 0.762 1.313 5.577 0.106 0.530 1.887 7.555
 4.434 0.145 0.769 1.301 6.006 0.107 0.535 1.870 8.136
4.751 0.146 0.774 1.292 6.435 0.107 0.538 1.859 8.718
5.067 0.147 0.776 1.288 6.864 0.107 0.539 1.856 9.299
5.384 0.147 0.776 1.288 7.294 0.107 0.538 1.858 9.880
5.701 0.146 0.774 1.292 7.723 0.107 0.536 1.867 10.461
6.018 0.145 0.769 1.300 8.152 0.106 0.531 1.882 11.042
6.334 0.144 0.762 1.312 8.581 0.105 0.525 1.904 11.624
6.651 0.143 0.752 1.329 9.010 0.104 0.517 1.933 12.205
6.968 0.141 0.740 1.351 9.439 0.102 0.507 1.971 12.786
7.202 0.139 0.730 1.370 9.756 0.101 0.499 2.004 13.216
7.284 0.138 0.726 1.377 9.868 0.100 0.496 2.017 13.367
7.601 0.135 0.709 1.410 10.297 0.098 0.482 2.073 13.948
7.918 0.132 0.690 1.449 10.726 0.095 0.467 2.141 14.529
8.235 0.129 0.668 1.496 11.155 0.093 0.450 2.222 15.111
8.551 0.125 0.644 1.552 11.584 0.089 0.431 2.319 15.692
8.868 0.120 0.618 1.618 12.013 0.086 0.410 2.436 16.273
9.185 0.116 0.589 1.698 12.442 0.082 0.388 2.578 16.854
9.501 0.110 0.558 1.793 12.871 0.078 0.364 2.751 17.435
9.755 0.106 0.531 1.883 13.214 0.075 0.343 2.918 17.900
9.818 0.105 0.524 1.908 13.300 0.074 0.337 2.964 18.016
10.135 0.099 0.488 2.049 13.729 0.069 0.309 3.232 18.598

Treapta III Treapta IV Treapta V

Viteza III 1/a td3 Sd Viteza IV 1/a td4 Sd Viteza V
[m/s] [m/s2] [s] m [m/s] [m/s2] [s] m [m/s]
3.17 1.38 2.10 4.11 4.29 1.98 3.98 11.15 5.81
3.48 1.35 2.26 4.88 4.72 1.94 4.30 13.22 6.39
3.80 1.33 2.43 5.72 5.15 1.91 4.61 15.49 6.97
4.12 1.31 2.60 6.62 5.58 1.89 4.93 17.95 7.56
4.43 1.30 2.77 7.61 6.01 1.87 5.26 20.62 8.14
4.75 1.29 2.95 8.68 6.44 1.86 5.61 23.53 8.72
5.07 1.29 3.14 9.84 6.86 1.86 5.96 26.69 9.30
5.38 1.29 3.33 11.11 7.29 1.86 6.33 30.14 9.88
5.70 1.29 3.54 12.48 7.72 1.87 6.73 33.91 10.46
6.02 1.30 3.75 13.99 8.15 1.88 7.15 38.04 11.04
6.33 1.31 3.98 15.63 8.58 1.90 7.60 42.57 11.62
6.65 1.33 4.23 17.44 9.01 1.93 8.08 47.56 12.20
6.97 1.35 4.50 19.43 9.44 1.97 8.60 53.09 12.79
7.20 1.37 4.71 21.04 9.76 2.00 9.02 57.57 13.22
7.28 1.38 4.79 21.63 9.87 2.02 9.17 59.23 13.37
7.60 1.41 5.11 24.08 10.30 2.07 9.80 66.08 13.95
7.92 1.45 5.46 26.81 10.73 2.14 10.50 73.79 14.53
8.23 1.50 5.85 29.88 11.15 2.22 11.27 82.51 15.11
8.55 1.55 6.28 33.35 11.58 2.32 12.15 92.44 15.69
8.87 1.62 6.77 37.31 12.01 2.44 13.15 103.87 16.27
9.18 1.70 7.33 41.85 12.44 2.58 14.29 117.15 16.85
9.50 1.79 7.97 47.14 12.87 2.75 15.63 132.76 17.44
9.75 1.88 8.56 52.01 13.21 2.92 16.87 147.37 17.90
Pa+Pr+Pd
[kw]
38.60
43.24
47.94
52.66
57.38
62.09
66.75
71.35
75.86
80.26
84.53
88.64
92.56
95.34
96.29
99.78
103.03
106.01
108.69
111.05
113.06
114.72
115.76
 Treapta VI
Viteza VI Fr D
[m/s] [N] -
7.87 6401.40 0.0536
8.66 6515.58 0.0542
9.45 6611.63 0.0546
10.23 6689.57 0.0547
11.02 6749.38 0.0547
11.81 6791.06 0.0545
12.60 6814.62 0.0540
13.38 6820.06 0.0534
14.17 6807.37 0.0526
14.96 6776.56 0.0515
15.75 6727.63 0.0503
16.53 6660.57 0.0489
17.32 6575.39 0.0473
17.90 6500.68 0.0459
18.11 6472.08 0.0455
18.89 6350.65 0.0434
19.68 6211.09 0.0412
20.47 6053.41 0.0388
21.26 5877.61 0.0362
22.04 5683.69 0.0334
22.83 5471.63 0.0304
23.62 5241.46 0.0271
24.25 5044.27 0.0244
24.41 4993.16 0.0237
25.19 4726.74 0.0201

Treapta V Treapta VI
D a 1/a V D a 1/a
- (m/s2) (m/s2) - (m/s2) (m/s2)
0.074 0.340 2.940 7.873 0.054 0.215 4.646
0.075 0.347 2.883 8.660 0.054 0.219 4.574
0.076 0.352 2.840 9.447 0.055 0.221 4.528
0.077 0.356 2.809 10.235 0.055 0.222 4.508
0.077 0.358 2.790 11.022 0.055 0.222 4.512
0.078 0.359 2.782 11.809 0.054 0.220 4.540
0.077 0.359 2.785 12.596 0.054 0.218 4.595
0.077 0.357 2.799 13.384 0.053 0.214 4.676
0.077 0.354 2.825 14.171 0.053 0.209 4.788
0.076 0.349 2.863 14.958 0.052 0.203 4.935
0.075 0.343 2.914 15.745 0.050 0.195 5.122
0.074 0.336 2.980 16.533 0.049 0.187 5.358
0.072 0.327 3.062 17.320 0.047 0.177 5.655
0.071 0.319 3.134 17.903 0.046 0.169 5.924
0.070 0.316 3.162 18.107 0.045 0.166 6.031
0.068 0.304 3.285 18.895 0.043 0.154 6.510
0.066 0.291 3.434 19.682 0.041 0.140 7.132
0.064 0.277 3.616 20.469 0.039 0.126 7.961
0.061 0.260 3.840 21.256 0.036 0.110 9.106
0.058 0.243 4.117 22.044 0.033 0.093 10.775
0.055 0.224 4.465 22.831 0.030 0.075 13.404
0.052 0.204 4.912 23.618 0.027 0.055 18.114
0.049 0.186 5.368 24.248 0.024 0.039 25.761
0.048 0.182 5.500 24.405 0.024 0.035 28.901
0.044 0.159 6.305 25.193 0.020 0.013 78.135

Treapta V Treapta VI
1/a td5 Sd Viteza VI 1/a td6 Sd
[m/s2] [s] m [m/s] [m/s2] [s] m
2.94 7.73 30.05 7.87 4.65 15.54 83.54
2.88 8.33 35.65 8.66 4.57 16.79 99.27
2.84 8.95 41.77 9.45 4.53 18.06 116.57
2.81 9.58 48.44 10.23 4.51 19.38 135.62
2.79 10.23 55.71 11.02 4.51 20.76 156.62
2.78 10.90 63.66 11.81 4.54 22.22 179.82
2.79 11.61 72.34 12.60 4.59 23.78 205.55
2.80 12.36 81.86 13.38 4.68 25.45 234.20
2.83 13.15 92.33 14.17 4.79 27.28 266.26
2.86 14.01 103.86 14.96 4.94 29.27 302.35
2.91 14.93 116.62 15.75 5.12 31.49 343.28
2.98 15.93 130.82 16.53 5.36 33.97 390.08
3.06 17.02 146.67 17.32 5.66 36.79 444.15
3.13 17.91 159.65 17.90 5.92 39.13 489.92
3.16 18.23 164.50 18.11 6.03 40.02 507.37
3.28 19.58 184.67 18.89 6.51 43.81 582.45
3.43 21.10 207.67 19.68 7.13 48.32 673.29
3.62 22.82 234.15 20.47 7.96 53.84 785.97
3.84 24.80 264.97 21.26 9.11 60.82 930.42
4.12 27.10 301.28 22.04 10.77 70.07 1124.46
4.46 29.83 344.73 22.83 13.40 83.23 1404.29
4.91 33.11 397.73 23.62 18.11 104.30 1858.91
5.37 36.28 449.40 24.25 25.76 135.08 2531.56
 Caracteristica externa a motorului
1000 200

900 180

800 160

700 140

600 120

Me (Nm)
Momentul motor

ci (g/kWh)
500 100 Ci (kg/h)
N/m

Pe (KW)

400 80

300 60

200 40

100 20

0 0
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200

rot/min
 Variatia vitezelor
600 30.00

550

500 25.00

450

400 20.00

350
Me(N/m)

300 15.00 Me
Vtr I
Vtr
250 II
Vtr
III
Vtr
200 10.00 IV
Vtr
V
150

100 5.00

50

n(rot/min)
0 0.00
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200
 Caracteristica de tractiune
35000.00

30000.00

25000.00

I
20000.00
II
III
Fr (N)

IV
V
15000.00
VI

10000.00

5000.00

0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

v (m/s)
 Factorul dinamic
0.3000

0.2800

0.2600

0.2400

0.2200

0.2000

0.1800 I
II
0.1600 III
IV
D

0.1400
V
0.1200 VI

0.1000

0.0800

0.0600

0.0400

0.0200

0.0000
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

v (m/s)
 Acceleratia
1.800

1.600

1.400

1.200

Treapta 1
1.000 Treapta 2
Treapta 3
a (m/s2)

Treapta 4
0.800 Treapta 5
Treapta 6

0.600

0.400

0.200

0.000
0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000

v (m/s)
 Inversul acceleratiei

0 0
.0
24
0 0
.5
22
0 0
.0
21
0 0
.5
19
0 0
.0
18
0 0
.5
16
0 0 Treapta I
.0
15 Treapta II
00
1/a (m/s2)

.5 Treapta III
13
00 Treapta IV
.0 Treapta V
12
00 Treapta VI
.5
10
0
00
9.
0
50
7.
0
00
6.
0
50
4.
0
00
3.
0
50
1.
0
00
0. 0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000

v (m/s)
 Timpul de demaraj
80.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00 Column D
td (s)

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

v (m/s)
 Spatiul de demaraj
1200.00

1000.00

800.00

600.00 Column E
Sd(m)

400.00

200.00

0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

v (m/s)