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pancreas
Chiste – adevarate
- false – tr 1
- P.A. 50-100
A.P.
Pereti -> structuri de vecinatate -> inchistare, limitare, fisura 6-8 sapt
Laborator:
- Amilazemie crescuta
- HL, VSH
- Bilirubina directa, totala
- TGP
- Ionograma
- Uree, creatinina
Diagnostic clinic
- P.A -> pseudochist +/- interval liber
- Epigastralgii la 2-3 sapt dupa
- Febra P.A. sau Tr. abdominal
- Subocluzie
- Sindrom dispeptic,greata,varsaturi
- Scadere ponderala
- Subicter
Examen obiectiv:
- Tumora vizibila -> epigastric
- Palpare: -> rotunda, neteda, sub tensiune
- Percutie: -> mata
- Hematemeza +/- melena
Evaluarea complicatiilor
a. Perforatie -> peritoneu liber -> peritonita
-> organ cavitar – st.dd, colon
-> organ parenchimatos -> splina -> ruptura de splina
b. Hemoragia – intrachistica – din perete/ din vas erodat
c. Infectioase – abces
d. Tromboze venoase -> v. splenica, porta
e. Compresiune -> plex solar, vascular, pieloureterale
f. pleurale, calcificare, casexie
Tratament
- Momentul operator – 4-6-8 sapt dupa constatarea pseudochistului
Tratament:
- Derivatii
- in caz de chistadenocarcinom -> trat radical -> pancreatectomie
corporeo-caudala de ridica si tumora.
Pancreatita cronica
P.cr. = afectiune persistenta, durabila, cronica, inflamatorie,
multifactoriala, care evolueaza cu fibroza P. si distructia parenchimului
P. exocrin ( tardiv si endocrin) manifestata clinic prin I.P. exocrina
( durere, malabsorbtie cu steatoree ) si I.P. endocrina ( DZ).
Patogeneza:
-> lobilor parcelari -> inflamatie -> fibroza -> distructia parenchimului si atrofie ->
ciroza pancreasului ce nu coexista cu C.H. desi alcoolul = factor comun.
Cauze: - aport inadecvat de proteine antioxidante si oligoelemente ( Zn, Cu,
Mg)
- fumat + alcool
- Forma tropicala -> malnutritia
- P.C. hipertiroidieni -> Ca crescut-> formarea calculilor
- P.C. ereditara -> autozomal dominanta coexista cu hiperlipidemii si dereglari in
metab. Proteic
- P.C. idiopatica – etiologie obscura
2. P.C. obstructiva
- Obstructia ductului P.-> dilatatie -> inflamatie difuza-> insuf
pancreatica exocrina
Cauze: - stenoze papilare
- stenoze sec tr, chiste si pseudochiste
- tumori
- calculi biliari
Cauze extrapancreatice:
- Stenoze – CBP,dd
- Tromboze v. splenica, P
- Infarct splenic
- Ulcer dd
2. Alte semne : dispepsie, geata, varsaturi, anorexie
Examen fizic:
- Normal
- Alcoolism
- casexie
Explorari biologice:
F.P. exocrin: - Test de stimulare exogena ( secretina – colecistokinina)
70% fidelitate
- Test de stimulare endogena ( tundth)
Explorari imagistice:
- Rx abd simpla-calcificari-litiaza pancreatica
- Echo abd-hipertrofia, structura neomogena, margini nereg,
calcificari,calculi,pseudochiste, canal pancreatic>2mm, echo Dopller – obstructia venei
VP,VS, complicatii pancreatice
- Echo endoscopica
- CT – volum, contur, densitatea gl. Dg dif cu T. Cea mai fidela investigatie
- ERCP- stenoze, dilatatii, arborele P, dg dif cu TP, citologie prin periaj, CBP terapeutic
-> stent
- Tranzit baritat- semne indirecte-amprente stomac,dd
- RMN
- Angiografie
Dg pozitiv
Tratament interventional:
- Tratam endoscopic -> ERCP -> extragere calculi
-> stent
-> stenturi chisto-digestive
Litotritia extracorporeala:
- Liza calculior sub US
Tratament chirurgical:
Indicatii: - sindrom algic rebel
- complicatii
- pseudochist >6cm >6sapt
- stenoza duct pancreatic
- stenoza CBP, dd, colon, stomac
- HTP
- HDS
- ascita pancreatica
- epansament pleural
Dg diferential - neoplasm
Tratament paleativ: - durerea
- dilatatie-> drenaj
- pseudotumora cefalica si inflamatie perineurala
rezectie splahnicectomie
Metode de drenaj:
- Derivatii – P – J – pe ansa in Y Puestow
-P-J – Partington – Rachell-> P-J st. L-L corp coada
- P-J : st-> L-L extinsa Frey
- Rezectia P – DPC – Whipple
- cu conservarea pilorului Troverto-Languire
- P totala
- P distala
2. Obstructia biliara:
- Stent – endoscopic
- Derivatii biliare
- Rezectie pancreatica
5. Tromboza VS
- Splenectomie
6. Pleurezie, ascita
- Tratament conservator 2-3 sapt -> nutritie parenterala
- Sten ductala – derivatii interne, rezectie P