AROME

NATURALE
FOLOSITE ÎN
bUCĂTĂRIA
ROMÂNEASC
Ă
Arome-definitie si istoric

● Def. Aroma este asamblul complex de senzatii gustative si olfactive

percepute la degustarea unui produs alimentar si detectate de
receptorii chimici din regiunea buco-naso-faringiana.

● Istoric. In trecut, egiptenii au folosit esentele si parfumurile atat ca

produse cosmetice, cat si ca produse antiseptice, in scop medicinal.
Romanii le-au preluat mai tarziu si le-au folosit numai ca substante
frumos mirositoare.
 Aromele

● Aromele sunt moleculele care determină senzaţia de

gust.
● Aromele naturale au fost folosite înca din cele mai
vechi timpuri,atât în gastronomie cât şi în terapie.
● Astăzi folosim atât arome naturale cât şi artificiale
(compuşi organici sintetizaţi în laborator).
● O substanţa care are gust este recunoscută de
anumite proteine aflate la suprafaţa limbii.
Gustul Dulce si Acru
Gustul dulce
 Este dat de molecule care au grupări hidroxil în gruparea lor – OH (acool):
glicerina, zaharoza, glucoza şi fructoza.
 Zaharoza şi aspartanul sunt arome artificiale cu structuri mai complicate.

Gustul acru
 Este dat în special de existenţa în cavitatea bucală a ionilor H3O+,
proveniţi din ionizarea acizilor
Gustul amar si iute
Gustul amar
 Este dat de compuşi organici numiţi alcaloizi.
 Alcoloizi sunt compuşi din cel puţin un ciclu de atomi de carbon si din atomi
de azot.
 Mulţi dintre alcaloizi sunt otrăvitori.

Gustul iute
 E specific pentru condimente şi apare în urma excitării stimulilor durerii .
 Gustul piperat este determinat de interacţia unui alcaloid numit piperidă cu
reptorii durerii.
 Gustul iute se explică prin existenţa în compoziţia ardeilor iuţi a
capsaicinei.

Florile, frunzele, fructele
si radacinile plantelor
mirositoare isi datoresc
aroma lor caracteristica
unor substante organice
numite uleiuri volatile sau
uleiuri eterice.Uleiul volatile
se gasesc in celulele
secretoare epidermice ale
diverselor parti ale
plantelor.
Uleiul secretat difuzeaza prin
membrane si se raspandeste in
aer. Uleiurile volatile se obtin
prin antrenarea cu vapori de
apa. Antrenarea cu vapori de
apa se practica in 4 variante
diferite:
a) antrenarea la foc direct;
b) antrenarea in curent de vapori;
c) antrenarea cu abur sub presiune;
d) antrenarea la presiune redusa.
Compozitia uleiurilor eterice (sau esentiale) sunt amestecuri de substante cu
diferite functiuni chimice: eteri, esteri, alcooli nesaturati, aldehide, cetone etc.
Metode folosite pt. extragerea uleiurilor eterice sunt:

a) presarea pentru b) distilarea plantei cu

extragerea din coji si fructe vapori de apa (ex.
(ex. esente de lamai si trandafiri, iasomie,
portocale) levantica, flori de portocal
etc.)

c) extractia cu solventi volatili d) extractia cu solventi grasi,

nevolatili se foloseste pentru
(ex. eterul de petrol, benzina florile de iasomie si tuberoza;
alcool;) se foloseste atunci metoda este inceata si
cand planta contine o costisitoare, dar se obtin produse
cantitate mica de esenta. fine si delicate.
Exemple de arome caracteristice plantelor si substantelor organice de
sinteza, care le pot inlocui cu succes.

Aroma Structura Substanta organica

1. mere C3H-CH=O aldehida acetica
2. migdale C6H5-CH=O aldehida benzoica
3. pere CH3COOC5H11 acetat de amil
4. ananas C3H7COOC5H11 butirat de amil
5. rom C3H7COOC2H5 butirat de etil
6. iasomie CH3COOCH2C6H5 acetat de benzil
7. lacramioare metil- -naftil-eterul (
-metoxi-naftalen)
Clasificarea aromelor
Aromele se clasifica dupa anumite criteri:

1. Dupa provenienta se disting:

a) arome naturale b) arome de c) arome sintetice
continute ca atare in prelucrare formate obtinute din
produse sau izolate din materii prime materii prime de
prin metode fizice din naturale (aminoacizi, sinteza
produse naturale zaharide) sau d) arome identic
ex. uleiuri volatile, obtinute prin naturale care sunt
extracte din fructe hidroliza celor fabricate din
ierburi, radacini; naturale materii prime
ex. aroma de carne sintetice sau
izolate sain
materii prime
naturale;
Clasificarea aromelor

2. Dupa modul de obtinere se

disting:
a) arome obtinute b) arome obtinute c) aromele
prin procedee fizice prin procedee fizice si artificiale ce se
(de distilare, extractie) chimice obtin din produse
ex. aromele ce se ex. aromele izolate de sinteza
bazeaza pe uleiuri dupa fermentatie
volatile, diferite
extracte
Clasificarea aromelor

Dupa origine se disting:

a) arome de provienenta vegetala c) arome de provenienta minerala

ex. condimentele, aromele de fructe ex. sarea

b) arome de provienenta animala d) arome de provenienta sintetica

ex. aroma de lapte, unt, miere ex. aromele identic naturale

Aroma naturala este aroma compusa numai din substante aromatice
naturale si/sau concentrate aromatice naturale care pot fi dizolvate in
solventi sau depuse pe suport solid cu/sau adaos de emulgatori naturali. Ex.
aroma naturala de mere.
Procedee de obtinere a aromelor naturalele:
1.Antrenarea cu vapori de apa.
2. Extractia cu grasimi animale.
3. Extractia cu solventi organici.
4. Extractia cu gaze lichefiate.
5. Extractia prin presare.
6. Absorbtia pe un material absorbant.
7. Procedee specifice de obtinere a aromelor din sucuri de frcute.
 Aroma artificiala este aroma care contine una sau mai multe
componente aromatizante. Ex. aroma artificiala de zmeura.
Aroma intarita este aroma care contine o proportie definita de
substante naturale sau identic naturale, adaugate pentru a mari puterea de
aromatizare.
Aroma reconstituita este un amestec de substante aromatizante
si/sau identic naturale a carui compozitie corespunde aproximativ aromei
naturale fara alte adaousuri si in proportii similare aromei naturale. Ex.
aroma de portocala reconstituita.
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Objectives
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
01. 02.

03. 04.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS

“Despite being red, Mars is

“Venus has a beautiful name “Mercury is the closest planet actually a very cold place. It’s
and is the second planet from to the Sun and the smallest one full of iron oxide dust, which
the Sun. It’s terribly hot, even in the Solar System—it’s a bit gives the planet its reddish
hotter than Mercury” larger than the Moon” cast”

by VENUS by MERCURY by MARS

333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass
$200,000
Mercury is the closest planet

10,000
Venus has a beautiful name

5,000
Mars is actually a cold place
TRIAL TIMELINE

RESEARCH 01.2020
Venus has a beautiful name,
but it’s terribly hot

PRECLINICAL 02.2020
Neptune is the farthest planet
from the Sun

EXPERIMENTATI
03.2020
ON
Despite being Red, Mars is
actually a cold place
TRIAL TIMELINE

ANALYSIS 04.2020
Jupiter is the biggest planet in
the Solar System

RESULTS 05.2020
The Sun is the star at the
center of the Solar System

CONCLUSIONS 09.2020
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
PHASE 1

Young healthy people GOAL

20 - 80 Participants
75% Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun.
It's also the fourth-largest object by diameter
in the Solar System

RESULTS
6
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet
MONTHS
Experimentation
in our Solar System. It’s the fourth-brightest
object in the sky
time

SECONDARY EFFECTS
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings.
It's composed mostly of hydrogen and
helium
PHASE 1
SECONDARY
SAMPLE GROUP
EFFECTS
Neptune is the fourth-largest planet in
the Solar System

20% 10% 5% 85%

Despite being
Venus has a
red, Mars is a GOALS RESULTS
beautiful name
cold place
Venus has a beautiful Jupiter is a gas giant and
name and is the second the biggest planet in our
planet from the Sun Solar System. It’s the
6 fourth-brightest object in

85% the sky

Success rate WKS

Test time
RESULTS

EXPERIMENT A EXPERIMENT B

OUTCOME 1 OUTCOME 2
TREATM TREATM
TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3
ENT ENT

GROUP 1 315 285 600 GROUP 1 315 285 600

GROUP 2 210 390 600 GROUP 2 210 390 600

GROUP 3 240 165 580 GROUP 3 240 165 580

 NEPTUNE
JUPITER
60%
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun. It's
also the fourth-largest 30% Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in the
Solar System

MARS
10% Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place. It's full of
iron oxide dust
RESULTS ANALYSIS

80%

50%
60%

30%
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun

vENUS / 20%

MARS / 30%

SATURN /
10%
JUPITER /
40%

NU

TU
E

RS
PIT

RN
R
Mercury is the

SA
VE
MA
closest planet to
JU

the Sun
THIS IS A MAP

JUPITER
It’s a gas giant and the biggest planet in
the Solar System

VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second one

NEPTUNE
Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known
planet
THIS IS A MAP

60%
It’s a gas giant and the biggest planet in
the Solar System

40%
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second one from the Sun
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“Mercury is closest “Despite being red,
planet to the Sun Mars is a cold place
and the smallest” full of iron oxide”

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“Venus has a “Neptune is the “Saturn is a gas

beautiful name and farthest-known giant and has
is the second planet” planet from the Sun” several rings”

Text 4 Text 5 Text 6

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75% “Mercury is closest

planet to the Sun
and the smallest”

75%
TITLE 1 “Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
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Text 1 Text 2 Text 3

“Mercury is closest “Despite being red,
planet to the Sun Mars is a cold place
and the smallest” full of iron oxide”

Add the Title here 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

“Venus has a “Neptune is the “Saturn is a gas

beautiful name and farthest-known giant and has
is the second planet” planet from the Sun” several rings”

Text 4 Text 5 Text 6

 Premium infographics...

75% “Mercury is closest

planet to the Sun
and the smallest”

75%
“Mercury is closest
TITLE 1 planet to the Sun
and the smallest”

“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
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