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managementul lichenului
planopilar
- În urma unui proces distructiv (primar/ secundar) -> pierdere permanentă a firelor de păr
- Primare: targetul inflamației este foliculul de păr => distrugere preferențială a epiteliului folicular,
cu cruțarea dermului interfolicular
- Secundare: cauzate de orice proces inflamator cutanat la nivelul scalpului sau traumă, care
afectează pielea și anexele
- În ambele forme: pierderea orificilor foliculare și înlocuirea foliculilor piloși cu țesut fibros
North American Hair Research Society working classification for primary cicatricial alopecia
Olsen EA,Bergfeld WF, Cotsarelis G, et al. Summary of North American Hair Research Society (NAHRS)
Lichen planopilar (LPP)
• Varianta foliculară a lichenului plan, caracterizat prin infiltrat inflamator limfocitar, distrucție foliculară și alopecie cicatricială
• Localizare predilectă: vertex, aria parietală
• Sexul feminin > masculin, în decada a 5-a de viață
• Simptomatologie asociata: prurit, senzație de arsură, durere
• Evoluția bolii este de obicei lent progresivă
• Răspunsul la terapie este parțial
• Scopul tratamentului: reducerea simptomelor, prevenirea progresiei
Bolduc C, Sperling LC, Shapiro J. Primary cicatricial alopecia: Lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias, including chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and Graham-Little syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol.2016
Patogeneza
Infiltrat inflamator:
infundibul, istm
Bolduc C, Sperling LC, Shapiro J. Primary cicatricial alopecia: Lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias, including chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and Graham-Little syndrome. J Am Acad
Dermatol.2016
Clasificare
1. LPP classic
3. Sindromul Graham-Little-Picardi-Lasseur
Factori de risc
•Contact cu: aur, mercur, cobalt
•Infectii virale/ bacteriene (hepatită C, HSV-2, HIV, HPV, sifilis,
helicobacter pylori)
•Medicamente: IECA, β-blocante, thiazide, quinidine
•Traumatisme
Evoluție LPP
•Evoluție lent progresivă către alopecie definitivă
•Asociere cu: hipotiroidism, dermatită seboreică, lichen plan la
nivel cutanat/ unghial/ mucoase
Dermatology , Edited by Jean L. Bolognia , Julie V. Schaffer , Lorenzo Cerroni Fourth edition , Elsevier, 2018
bolognia
LPP clasic- TRICOSCOPIE
A. Waśkiel, A. Rakowska, M. Sikora, M. Olszewska, L. Rudnicka; Dermatol Rev 2018, 105, 63–75
Tricoscopie
Perifollicular scaling + erythema
A. Waśkiel, A. Rakowska, M. Sikora, M. Olszewska, L. Rudnicka; Dermatol Rev 2018, 105, 63–75
White dots
Milky-red areas
White areas
Loss of follicular openings
A. Waśkiel, A. Rakowska, M. Sikora, M. Olszewska, L. Rudnicka; Dermatol Rev 2018, 105, 63–75
2. Alopecie fribrozantă frontală (FFA)
Starace M, Brandi N, Alessandrini A, Bruni F, Piraccini BM. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a case series of 65 patients seen in a single Italian centre. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019
Iorizzo M, Tosti A. Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: An Update on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019;
TRICOSCOPIE
Gil-Redondo R, Saceda-Corralo D, Moreno-Arrones OM, et al. Case report: a rare and generalized presentation of frontal fibrosing alopecia in a
man. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(9):e517-e518.
Eyebrow loss in FFA
A. Waśkiel, A. Rakowska, M. Sikora, M. Olszewska, L. Rudnicka; Dermatol Rev 2018, 105, 63–75
La debut, alopecia nu e cicatriciala, asa incat se vad orificii foliculare si fire de par vellus, apoi apar fire distrofice si fire care
cresc în directii diferite, plus zone albe fără orif folic= marker de fibroză în stadii avansate
Cum evaluăm progresia FFA?
Left outer
chantus-
hairline
Right outer
chantus- sideburns
hairline Glabella-
hairline
Medical therapy for frontal ;brosing alopecia: A review and clinical approach-Anthony Ho, BA, and Jerry Shapiro, MD, J Am Acad
Dermatol. 2019 Aug
Imhof R, Tolkachjov SN. Optimal Management of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Practical Guide. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020
3. Sindromul Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur
Triada:
Steglich RB, Tonoli RE, Pinto GM, Müller FM, Guarenti IM, Duvelius ES. Graham-Little Piccardi Lassueur syndrome: case report. An Bras Dermatol. 2012
- 26-year-old male, with history of loss of hair
over the scalp, shoulder, and pubic region
since 4 years.
Starace M, Orlando G, Alessandrini A, Baraldi C, Bruni F, Piraccini BM, Diffuse variants of scalp Lichen Planopilaris: clinical, trichoscopic and
histopathologic features of 40 patients., Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019),
5. Lichen planopilaris diffuse pattern (LPPDP)
CLINICAL WIDESPREAD
features May involve the entire scalp
Diffuse itching
Mild hair thinning
Misdiagnosed with SD
Starace M, Orlando G, Alessandrini A, Baraldi C, Bruni F, Piraccini BM, Diffuse variants of scalp Lichen Planopilaris: clinical, trichoscopic and
histopathologic features of 40 patients., Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2019)
Hair card test Tug test
Mubki T, Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, Shapiro J. Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: part II. Trichoscopic and laboratory evaluations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;
Examen histopatologic
- Follicular plugging
- Interface dermatitis involving the follicular infundibulum and isthmus (dense band-like lymphocytic infiltrate),
often sparing the interfollicular epithelium
- Perifollicular fibrosis of the hair follicle
- Loss of sebaceous glands
- Vertical fibrous tracts replacing follicles
Bolduc C, Sperling LC, Shapiro J. Primary cicatricial alopecia: Lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias, including chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and Graham-Little syndrome. J Am
Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(6):1081-1099.
Diagnostic diferențial LPP
Alopecia areata
- Alopecie non-cicatriceală
- Orificii foliculare prezente
- Infiltrat inflamator în jurul bulbului folicular
Diagnostic diferențial FFA
Alopecie androgenetică
- Prezența firelor vellus
- Pot fi prezente simultan
Alopecie de tracțiune
- Frecvent implicate: zona temporală/ frontală
• Lipsa studiilor dublu orb, randomizate -> no evidence-based medicine -> “experience-based medicine”
• Indicații clinice ale tratamentului:
- hiperkeratoză/ eritem perifollicular
- Pull test pozitiv
- Simptomatic (prurit, durere, senzatie arsură)/ evoluție
Svigos K, Yin L, Fried L, Lo Sicco K, Shapiro J. A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Classic Lichen Planopilaris. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021;22(5):681-692.
First-line therapy
Tratament topic: LLP activ afecteaza <10% din scalp
T: tacrolimus 0.3% (scade inflamația/simptomele; induce faza anagenă)
C: propionate de clobetasol 0.05% (scade inflamația/simptomele)
M: minoxidil 5% (stimulează creșterea/calibrul firului) x2/zi
- Doza maximă/administrare: 40 mg
- Stabilizare boala: se crește intervalul dintre injectări-> 10-12 săpt apoi stop
- Dacă după 4 luni nu se observă reducerea semnelor clinice de inflamație: altă variantă de tartament
PRP- Platelet rich plasma
While there are reports of koebnerization of LPP following scalp procedures such as facial plastic surgery or HT,
a recent case series of 10 patients with LPP/FFA receiving PRP reported no koebnerization or new areas of LPP
Second-line therapy- TERAPIE SISTEMICĂ
Hidroxiclorochina
- Doza inițială: 200 mg x2/zi apoi scădere la 5 mg/kg
- Primele semne de răspuns la terapie apar după cel puțin 2-3 luni, motiv pt care se pot asocia
corticosteroizi
- RA: oculare, hiperpigmentare facială, cefalee, urticaria, modificări gastrointestinale/ hematologice
- De evitat la pacienții cu boală renală/ sub terapie cu Tamoxifen
A prospective study on 12 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine (400 mg daily) for 6 months found a good
response in three cases and progression in eight instances; Higher success rates (including partial and complete
responses) with the use of hydroxychloroquine were observed in other studies, with figures ranging from 40.1%
to 76%. Conversely, other small case series or single case reports showed few results with the same drug, with
little or no response.
Doxiciclina
Corticoterapie
- Reserved for severe, recalcitrant cases due to potential adverse effects
- Oral prednisone: 40 mg daily for 1 week, then tapered by 5 mg weekly for 8 weeks
Retinoizi
- LPP that do not respond to the first-line therapies
- Isotretinoin: 20 mg daily
Ciclosporina
- 13 subjects cyclosporine (4–5 mg/kg/day for 4–6 months): clinical response in 10 cases; relapse
rate was between 60% and 80%, respectively, 6 months and 12 months after treatment
discontinuation
Assouly P, Reigagne P. Lichen planopilaris: update on diagnosis and treatment. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2009;28(1):3–10.
3-5 mg/kg/day
4 to 8 months
Metotrexat: 15 mg/saptamana
vs Hidroxiclorochina 400 mg/zi
Micofenolat mofetil
- Finasteride 1-5 mg/d and dutasteride 0.5 mg/d stabilized hair loss in 88% (158/180) of patients. In 1 case
report, finasteride showed potential for reducing the redness and reversing the skin atrophy associated with
FFA.
- Dutasteride arrested hair loss in 81% (34/42) of patients.
- In a patient with eyebrow and axillary loss, dutasteride in combination with pimecrolimus 1% cream was
attributed to restoring eyebrow and axillary hairs.
- A total of 1404 patients (943 women [67.2%] and 461 men [32.8%])
- Hair loss cause: androgenetic alopecia (82.4%), telogen effluvium (4.8%), alopecia areata (3.8%), frontal
fibrosing alopecia (2.8%), lichen planopilaris (2.5%), fibrosing alopecia in pattern distribution (1.8%).
! Indicatie off-label
! Dozele și titrarea: de ajustat în fcț de comorbidități
! Consult cardiologic + EKG/ecocord ÎNAINTEA inițierii
Particularități
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