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Sindromul CHURG-STRAUSS
Arterita TAKAYASU
Boala BECHCET
POLIANGEITA MICROSCOPICA
Radiologic:
- opacitati pulmonare: 25-77%cazuri
- absenta leziunilor radiologice: 25% cazuri
- opacitati nodulare, infiltrate periferice
- infiltrate extinse
- colectii pleurale: 5-30% cazuri
- rar: excavari, adenopatii hilare
Tomografia computerizata
- condensari periferice, uneori in sticla mata
asemanatoare cu pneumonia cu eosinofile
- noduli 0,5-3,5 cm diam, excavati cu bronhograma
aerica (mai rar)
HRCT : largirea vaselor periferice cu aspect neregulat,
stelat- sugestiv pentru vasculita
Sindromul CHURG-STRAUSS- dg. imagistic
Ct abdominala- pancreatita
Coronarografia- infarct miocardic
Echocardiografia – insuficienta cardiaca
ALTE INVESTIGATII:
- ECG
- endoscopia digestiva: HDS
- electromielografia: mononeuritis
multiplex
Sindromul CHURG-STRAUSS- dg histopatologic
ASTMUL BRONSIC
ASPERGILOZA ALERGICA BRONHOPULMONARA
PNEUMONIA CU EOSINOFILE
ALTE VASCULITE ANCA POZITIVE
- POLIANGEITA MICROSCOPICA
- GRANULOMATOZA WEGENER
PNEUMOPATII EOSINOFILICE DE ALTA NATURA –
MEDICAMENTOS ( Montelucast)
GLOMERULONEFRITE FOCALE
SDR GOODPASTURE
Sindromul CHURG-STRAUSS – dg diferential
RATA DE SUPRAVIETUIRE
Fara tratament –la 5 ani= 25%
Cu tratament: - la 1 an= 90 %
- la 5 ani= 62%
CAUZE DE DECES :
- insuficienta cardiaca, infarct miocardic
- insuficienta renala
- hemoragie cerebrala
- hemoragii gastrointestinale
- status astmaticus
Sdr CHURG-STRAUSS: INFILTRAT PULMONAR TRANZITOR
Figure 5. Patient
5, a 40-year-old
woman.
Radiograph
shows diffuse
reticular
opacities due to
prominent
bronchovascular
lines and
bronchial wall
thickening. Note
septal lines at
both lung bases.
(CHEST. 2000;
117)
Sdr CHURG-STRAUSS: aspect radiografic ci CT toracic
Figure 1. Patient 6, a
26-year-old woman.
Top, A: radiograph
shows multifocal
bilateral patchy
nonsegmental
consolidation, more
prominent in upper
lung zone. Bottom, B:
thin-section CT scan
at carina shows
multifocal patchy
ground-glass opacity
around the patchy
consolidation showing
halo sign (arrows).
Bronchial wall
thickening is evident.
(CHEST 2000:117)
Figure 3. Patient 4, an 18-year-
old man with pericardial
involvement. Top, A: radiograph
shows patchy consolidation at
right lower lung, bilateral hilar
lymph node enlargement,
reticulonodular opacities, and
increased cardiac size compared
with his prior study (not shown).
Middle, B: thin-section CT scan at
lung bases shows multifocal ill-
defined areas of ground-glass
opacity associated with
numerous nodular lesions in
subpleural region. Note
interlobular septal thickening
(arrow), increased vascular
diameters, and bronchial wall
thickening. Bottom, C:
mediastinal setting of CT scan at
subcarinal level shows
enlargement of subcarinal and
both hilar lymph nodes and
bilateral pleural effusions.
(CHEST 2000:117)
Sdr CHURG-STRAUSS: HRCT toracic: opacitati bilaterale “in sticla mata”
(eMJA. 2004)
Sdr CHURG-STRAUSS: GRANULOM EOSINIFIL(eMJA. 2004)
Sindromul CHURG-STRAUSS: eruptie cutanata: angeita
eosinofilica,leucoclastica, cu discreta tendinta de formare de
granuloame
SDR CHURG STRAUSS :Noduli
cutanati violacei, pustule
sterile, ulceratii- frecvent in
zonele “de presiune”(Johns
Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
ARTERITA TAKAYASU
DEFINITIE:
Vasculitagranulomatoasa de etiologie
necunoscuta
Afecteaza aorta toracica si abdominala
si a ramurilor mari ale acesteia; arterele
pulmonare
Determinand stenoze, ocluzii si
anevrisme vasculare
ARTERITA TAKAYASU
Frecventa:
1:1000 persoane SUA
6:1000 pe glob
Mai frecventa in Asia (descrisa initial)
I. FAZA PRECOCE :
- subfebrilitati
- artralgii
- pierdere ponderala
evolutie:
- tahicardie
- usoara fatigabilitate
- dureri adiacente arterelor (ex: carotidiene)
- asimetrie TA, puls la membrele superioare
- hipo sau HiperTA / absenta pulsului radial
- simptome neurologice la 80% din cazurile cu interesarea
trunchiului brahiocefalic
ARTERITA TAKAYASU
CLINIC:
ANGIOGRAFIA – CLASIC
CT-ANGIOGRAFIA; HRCT
MR- ANGIOGRAFIA
• avantajele CTA si MRA:
-arie mare de investigare
-noninvazive - f. important pentru copii
-administrare i.v. (nu i.a.) a substantei de contrast
-MRA poate diferentia forma “activa” de boala de
cea “stabilizata”
• dezavantaj : nu pot stabili semnificatia functionala a
leziunilor(presiune, flux sanguin) – da angiografia !
• Echografia – in zonele accesibile
ARTERITA TAKAYASU
dg diferential :
TRATAMENTUL :
¾ CORTIZONIC PRECOCE
¾ Si/sau CICLOFOSFAMIDA;
METOTREXAT
¾ ANGIOPLASTII, STENT-URI – aa iliace,
renale
(Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center)
SINDROMUL BEHCET
SINONIME:
- SDR. ADAMANTIADIS- BEHCET
- AFTOZA BIPOLARA CU UVEITA
SINDROMUL BEHCET- fiziopatologie
Neelucidata : imunologic , infectios, ereditar
Incidenta : mai fecventa in Orient:
- bazinul estic al Mediteranei
- Turcia, China, Japonia, Iran,
Arabia Saudita
Varsta : >15-45 ani
Sexul: M:F= 3(5): 1 - in orient
F:M= 5:1 in SUA
Manifestari neurologice:
(grefate de mortalitate mare, frecvent reprezinta manifestari tardive ale
bolii la 1-7 ani de la debut)
- cefalee (50%)
- meningoencefalism (28%)
- ameteli (13%)
- afectare de nervi cranieni (16%)
Ataxie cerebeloasa
Sdr extrapiramidal
Pareze, paralizii
Sdr pseudobulbar
Modificarea personalitatii
Incontinente
Dementa (necaracteristica)
SINDROMUL BEHCET- diagnostic clinic
Leziumi vasculare
- anevrisme ale arterelor pulmonare
- tromboflebita profunda si superficiala recidivanta(10 % caz)
- sdr. Budd- Chiari,
- ocluzia v cava
- varice esofagiene
Artrita ( 60 % cazuri):
- predominant genunchi, sacroiliac, dar si coate, radiocarpiana,
glezne
- semne celsiene, deformari
SINDROMUL BEHCET- dg clinic
Manifestari gastrointestinale :
- diaree
- flatulenta
- dureri abdominale
- sangerari
- varsatura
- disfagie
- Leziuni ulcerative cu orice localizare digestiva
Alte manifestari:
Cardiovasculare: -aritmii, pericardita, granuloame endocardice,
fibroza endomiocardica
Epididimita
Glomerulonefrita
Limfadenopatii
Miozita
Amiloidoza(rar)
SINDROMUL BEHCET- dg clinic
Fiziopatologie :
- vasculita necrotizanta pauciimuna
a vaselor mici
- incidenta pe glob: 1- 3/ 1 mil pers / an
- prevalenta : 1-3/ 100 mii pers
- supravietuire la 5 ani: 75 % cazuri
- mortalitate pin complicatiile pulmonare si renale
- varsta : 50 ani
- sexul : B> F
POLIANGEITA MICROSCOPICA- Clinic
Manifestari generale:
- febra, sdr pseudogripal
- astenie
- mialgii
- pierdere ponderala
Manifestari cutanate- eruptie
Manifestari pulmonare: -tuse
- hemoptizie
- dispnee
Manifestari cardiovasculare – durere, insuf cardiaca
Manifestari gastrointestinale – dureri, hemoragii
Manifestari SN:- mononeuritis multiplex, AVC
Artralgii
Durere testiculara
Manifestari oculare- congestie conjunctivala,durere, scaderea
acuitatii vizuale
Poliangeita microscopica – Clinic
Ex. Obiectiv :
- febra
- cutanat: - purpura palpabila (angeita leucocitoclastica
- livedo reticularis
- ulceratii, necroze, gangrene
- ischemie digitala
- urticarie
pulmonar : - raluri
- insufirienta respiratorie
- rar sinusita (dif fata de G W)
Cardiac : HTA, IM, ICC, pericardita
Gastrointestinal : -HDS, iscemie intestinala cu perforatie,
-pancreatita
Oculare, articulare, orhita, mononeuritis multiplex
Poliangeita microscopica – dg diferntial
Granulomatoza Wegwner
Sdr Churg- Strauss
Glomerulonefrita
Endocardita
Ischemie mezenterica
Nefrita acuta
Vasculita asociata bolilor de colagen
Poliangeita microscopica - Laborator
Leucocitoza
Anemie
VSH crescut
Creatinina crescuta
Ex de urina : P, H, L in sediment
ANCA pozitivi: p ANCA ( 60 % ); c ANCA (40%)
C 3; C 4 normal
Hemoculturi sterile – excluderea endocarditei
bacteriene
Poliangeita microscopica- Imagistica
Radiografia toracica:
- noduli bilaterali si opacitati confluente
- cavitatie – mai rar fata de G W
- infiltrate difuze, masive- hemoragie alveolara
CT toraco abdominala
Echocord
Endoscopie digestiva, bronsica in dg hemoragiilor
Poliangeita microscopica - diagnostic
Biopsii – cutanata
- pulmonara
- renala
- nerv sural
Histopatologic :- vasculita necrozantaidentica cu PAN,
dar cu interesarea vaselor mici si mijlocii
- glomerulonefrita focala
- capilarita pulmonara
Poliangeita microscopica Tratament
GRANULOMATOZA WEGENER
Dg DIF dificil
- VASCULITE CE INERESEAZA
VASE MICI SI MILOCII
POLIANGEITA MICROSCOPICA
- DEPOZITE PAUCIIMUNE
- ANCA POZITIV