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• “Parintele patologiei”
Valve
anormale
Bacteriemie EI
- 3 elemente de gravitate -
• Sindrom heterogen:
• Tari in curs de dezvoltare (RAA este inca endemic): forma SUBACUTA,
simptomatologie ~ cateva saptamani; cord stang; STREPTOCOCI
• Tari dezvoltate: forma ACUTA ~ zile; STAPH. AUREUS, determinari septice
multiple, evolutie mai SEVERA
• Afecteaza valvele protezate/native
Mi, Ao Tr, Pu
ü Cel mai des: IMi valvulara degenera-va cu prolaps valvular- valve ingrosate,
mixomatoase (mult mai frecventa ca e>ologia RAA)
ü Rar: IMi func-onala secundara remodelarii VS cu deficit de coaptare a foitelor
mitrale (presiuni mai scazute, low-output)
ü A 2 a cauza: IAo (ex. Bicuspidie, etc), asociaza extensie perianulara a infec>ei
üBoli congenitale cardiace: DSV necorectate, leziuni de tract de ejectie VS (ex.
Tetralogia Fallot)
üOrice material strain folosit pentru inchiderea unor defecte/ shunt uri
üShunt urile cu flux scazut, turbulenta scazuta au risc mic de EI (ex. DSA)
ü Istoric de EI
• Prolif. germenului pe si in
cel. endoteliale valv.
• Se formeaza vegetatia
• Embolizare
• Complicatii: AVC, hem.
cer., meningita, abcese,
anevr. micotice
1. Condi(i predispozante
2. Fiziopatologie- cum apare EI?
3. Diagnos(c
4. “Endocardi(s Team”
5. Preven(e
6. Tratament
7. Situa(i par(culare
Confusion/
Delirium
Symptoms Signs
Headache
(95%)
Stroke
Cough, hemoptysis
Dyspnea
Nausea/
vomiting
Weight Abdominal
loss pain
Confusion/
Delirium
Symptoms Signs
Headache
(95%)
Stroke
Cough, hemoptysis
Dyspnea
Nausea/
vomiting
Weight Abdominal Cele 2
loss pain criterii
Majore
de dg.
ü Cea mai frecventa ünou sau agravat
Suflu
Febra cardiac
IC acuta
(dispnee )
ü Persoane imunodeprimate
ü Febra persistenta:
ü Progresia infectiei- extensie perivalvulara;
abces; embolie septica
ü Trat. AB inadecvat/rezistenta
üNou sau agravat- dificil uneori de ridicat suspciunea de EI
in conditiile unui suflu preexistent
≥2
Vegeta)a
Heterogeneity of clinical
presentation →To be used in
combination with intelligent clinical
judgment
CT = computed tomography; FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose; HACEK = Haemophilus parainfluenzae, H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus, H. influenzae,
AcCnobacillus acCnomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae, and K. denitrificans; IE = infecCve endocardiCs; Ig =
immunoglobulin; PET = positron emission tomography; SPECT = single photon emission computerized tomography. Adapted from Li et al (2000)
üStreptococci 60-80%
•Streptococ α-hemolitic (viridans – S. mitis, S. oralis) 30-40% (subacut)
•Enterococ (E. faecalis) 5-18% (subacut)
•Streptococ β-hemolitic – rar (acut)
üStaphylococci 20-35%
•S. aureus 10-27% (acut)
•S. coagulazo-negativi (Staph epidermidis) 1-3 % (in special proteze
valvulare, subacut)
üFungi
•Candida – consumatori de droguri IV
•Aspergillus – rar
EI tardiva:
̴ valve na(ve
- Consumatorii de droguri i.v.
- Chirurgie cardiovasculara
üHematurie, proteinurie
üRetentie azotata – hipoperfuzie renala (sepsis sever → IC, infarct embolic renal, GNF imun
mediate prin CIC, toxicitate antibiotice sau subst. de contrast folosite pt imagistica)
ü↑troponine serice (IC cu stress parietal VS, abcese miocardice, infarcte embolice,
septicemie per se)
üAritmii V si SV
TTE - Parasternal ax lung TEE – ax scurt
AS
VD
AD Ao
VS Ao
Tr
Mi VD
AS
Vegeta.e Bicuspidie
Ao Ao
TEE – 4 camere cu Ao TEE – Color Flow
AS AS
AD Ao AD
Mi Ao Mi
Tr Tr
VS VS
VD VD
Vegetatie
Vegetatie Ao
IAo severa
Ao
1. Conditii predispozante
2. Fiziopatologie- cum apare EI?
3. Diagnostic
4. “Endocarditis Team”
5. Preventie
6. Tratament
7. Situatii particulare
• Cardiolog
• Infec/onist
• Chirurg cardiac
• Specialitati medicale
• Specialitati chirurgicale. Cu
experienta
• Diagnostic
• Des - Interventie chirurgicala
1. Condi(i predispozante
2. Fiziopatologie- cum apare EI?
3. Diagnos(c
4. “Endocardi(s Team”
5. Preven(e
6. Tratament
7. Situa(i par(culare
Profilaxia-
afectiunile cardiace cu riscul cel mai mare
2. Chirurgie cardiaca
• Complica%i intracardiace / abcese paravalvulare
Cmin = minimum concentra.on; IE = infec.ve endocardi.s; i.m. = intramuscular; i.v. = intravenous; MIC =
min inbitory concentra.on; NVE = na.ve valve endocardi.s; PVE = prosthe.c valve endocardi.s; U = units
Tratament an(bio(c – grupul streptococi,
Streptococcus bovis
Cmin = minimum concentration; IE = infective endocarditis; i.m. = intramuscular; i.v. = intravenous; MIC =
min inbitory concentration; NVE = native valve endocarditis; PVE = prosthetic valve endocarditis; U = units
Tratament antibiotic – Staphylococcus –
Valve native
Tratament antibiotic – Staphylococcus –
Proteze valvulare
Tratament empiric ini,al, pacien, severi
(inainte de iden,ficarea germenului)
BCNIE = blood culture-negative infective endocarditis; ID = infectious disease; i.m. = intramuscular; i.v. = intravenous; PVE = prosthetic valve endocarditis.
aIf initial blood cultures are negative and there is no clinical response, consider BCNIE aetiology (see Section 7.10) and maybe surgery for molecular diagnosis and
treatment, and extension of the antibiotic spectrum to blood culture-negative pathogens (doxycycline, quinolones) must be considered.
Indica'ile si momentul operator in EI de cord stg.
(valve na've si proteze valvulare)
Emergency surgery: surgery performed within 24 h; urgent surgery: within a few days;
elec:ve surgery: a<er at least 1–2 weeks of an:bio:c therapy.
- E#ologii -
1. Embolica
2. Infec#e locala
3. Infec#e la distanta – metastaze sep#ce
4. Formarea complexelor imune –
glomerulonefrita si artrita
ü Apar la ̴ 40% din pacien0i cu EI
ü Predictori de embolizare:
• Dimensiunea vegeta0ei
• Vegeta0ile de cord stg.
• Fungi, S. aureus si Strep. Bovis
ü Osteomielita vertebrala
ü Abcese metasta5ce
ü Artrita sep5ca
1. Condi(i predispozante
2. Fiziopatologie- cum apare EI?
3. Diagnos(c
4. “Endocardi(s Team”
5. Preven(e
6. Tratament
7. Situa(i par(culare
TEE – ax scurt TEE – Color Flow
AS AS
AD AD
Ao Ao
Tr Tr
VD VD
Tromboza
IAo medie
proteza Ao
Diagnos(c diferen(al cu alte structuri
TTE – 4 camere; proteza
mitrala mecanica TEE – transgastric.
VD *
VS
Cordaje Mi taiate
AD AS
* VS
AS
Contrast
*
Auricul spontan
auricul stg.