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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
conducere
atrii
Tahcardie
Complex Complex
ingust larg
1. tahicardii cu complexe
QRS inguste
2. tahicardii cu complexe
QRS largi
A. Reintrare Tipuri si mecanisme TSV
1. Tahicardie 1
3 4
reintranta in NSA
2. Tahicardie
reintranta atriala
(flutter atrial)
3. Reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular-
cale lenta/rapida
4. Reintrare 2
atrioventriculara-
fascicul accesor
B. Automatism
1. Aritmii atriale
automatice
2. Aritmii jonctionale
automatice
Tahicardii supraventriculare regulate
Tahicardie sinusala
Flutter atrial
Tahicardie prin
reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular
Tahicardie prin
reintrare
atrioventriculara
Tahicardie atriala
Tahicardii supraventriculare neregulate
Fibrilatia atriala
Tahicardia atriala multifocala
(TAM)
Flutterul atrial cu bloc variabil
Protocol de diagnostic
Activitatea atriala
Configuratia QRS
Intervalul R-R
Conducere aberanta
Raspunsul la manevrele vagale
Extrasistola atriala
P variabil/ absent; (negativ DII, DIII, aVF, inainte sau dupa QRS)
Etiologie:
Supradozaj digitalic
congenital
IMA inferior
S = cale lenta
(His
Bundle)
In timpul ritmului
sinusal, impulsul se
conduce preferential pe
calea rapida
Tahicardia prin reintrare in
nodul atrioventricular (TRNAV/
AVNRT)
Frecventa=
250 b/min
150-
Undele P
generate
retrograd (NAV
atriu) apar in
sau la sfarsitul
QRS
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Unda p retrograda
V1
P P P P
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
P retrograd
Negativ in DII, DIII, aVF
Positiv in V1
Pseudo S in DII
Pseudo R in V1
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tratament
Acut:
Adenozina 6-12 mg IV
Verapamil 5-10 mg IV
Metoprolol 5 mg iv
Cronic, profilactic:
Paleativ
Beta blocante
Calciu blocante
Curativ
studiu electrofiziologic si ablatie prin RF a caii lente
Sindromul de preexcitatie
Cale accesorie de conducere intre atrii si ventriculi:
Intre AD si VD
Intre AS si VS
Cai multiple
Conducere f. rapida
Unda T negativa
Bataie sinusala
QRS Hibrid
Unda Delta
PR < .12 s
AP
FA ,,preexcitat
Sindromul de preexcitatie
Grade diferite de PreexcitatieVentriculara -
Durata variabila a undei delta = efect de acordeon
Sindromul de preexcitatie
Unda delta de durata
variabila, efect de acordeon
Sindromul de preexcitatie
Unda delta
intermitenta
Tahicardie prin reintrare
atrioventriculara (TRAV) ortodromica
Mecanism:
Conducere
anterograda pe
caile normale
Conducere
retrograda prin
fascicul accesor
Tahicardie prin reintrare
atrioventriculara (TRAV)
ESA
ortodromica Initierea TRAV
Atriu
FA
NAV ESA
Ventriculi
FA
NAV
Ventriculi
Unda P retrograda pe
segment ST
Tahicardie prin reintrare
atrioventriculara (TRAV)
ortodromica
Tahicardie prin reintrare
atrioventriculara (TRAV) antidromica
Tahicardie prin reintrare
atrioventriculara (TRAV) antidromica
Mecanism:
Conducere anterograda pe calea accesorie
Conducere retrograda prin NAV
Digoxina
Blocantele de calciu
Flutter-ul atrial
Mai rar decat FiA
FlA paroxistic poate surveni pe cord
normal
FlA cronic = cord patologic
Cauzele = aceleasi ca pentru FA
Miocardita, inclusiv RAA, hipertiroidia
Alcoolism, pericardite
TEP
Aritmie recurenta
Flutter-ul atrial
Mecanism: macroreintrare
Tahiaritmie regulata cu QRS inguste
Absenta undelor P, unde F 250-350 / min, fara linie
izoelectric:
FlA tipic (antiorar): negative in DII, DIII, aVF
Dupa CSC
Flutter-ul atrial
Tratament
Acut
cardioversie (SEE de energie joasa)
antiaritmice de clasa I iv
CCB iv
B iv
manevre vagale
Cronic
Controlul ritmului
curativ?
NB!: risc emboligen
Indicatiile de anticoagulare sunt aceleasi ca pentru fibrilatie
atriala
Fibrilatia atriala
Fibrilatia
atriala
multiple
depolarizari
focale
Frecventa atriala
rapida 400-600
b/min
Fibrilatia atriala
V5
V1
AF = atrial fibrillation
Managementul pacientilor cu FA
ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF = atrial fibrillation; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker;
PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acid; TE = thrombo-embolism.
Anticoagularea in FiA
Se estimeaza profilul de risc al pacientului
AF = atrial fibrillation; CHA2DS2-VASc = cardiac failure, hypertension, age 75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke
(doubled)-vascular disease, age 6574 and sex category (female); INR = international normalized ratio;
OAC = oral anticoagulation, such as a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) adjusted to an intensity range of INR
2.03.0 (target 2.5).
Scorul de sangerare HAS-BLED
ACS = acute coronary syndrome; AF = atrial fibrillation; DCC = direct current cardioversion; i.v. = intravenous;
N/A = not applicable; NYHA, New York Heart Association; p.o. = per os; QRS = QRS duration; QT = QT interval;
T-U = abnormal repolarization (T-U) waves.
Conversia farmacologica si
electrica a FA recent instalata
ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF =
congestive heart failure;
HT = hypertension; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; NYHA = New York Heart Association; unstable = cardiac
decompensation within the prior
4 weeks. Antiarrhythmic agents are listed in alphabetical order within each treatment box. ? = evidence for upstream
therapy for prevention of atrial
remodelling still remains controversial.
VA MULTUMESC