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Aritmii supraventriculare
•Fibrilatia atriala
•Tahicardia atriala multifocala (TAM)
•Flutterul atrial cu bloc variabil
Protocol de diagnostic
• Activitatea atriala
• Configuratia QRS
• Intervalul R-R
• Conducere aberanta
• Raspunsul la manevrele vagale
Extrasistola atriala
• P variabil/ absent; (negativ DII, DIII, aVF, inainte sau dupa QRS)
• Etiologie:
• Supradozaj digitalic
• congenital
• IMA inferior
S = cale lenta
(His
Bundle)
Undele P generate
retrograd (NAV
atriu) apar in sau la
sfarsitul QRS
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul atrioventricular
(TRNAV/ AVNRT)
• Unda p retrograda
• Negativa in DII, DIII, aVF
• Pozitiva in V1
• Pseudo S in DII
• Pseudo R in V1
V1
P P P P
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
Tahicardia prin reintrare in nodul
atrioventricular (TRNAV/ AVNRT)
• Tratament
• Acut:
• SEE daca exista deteriorare hemodinamica
• Adenozina 6-12 mg IV
• Verapamil 5-10 mg IV
• Metoprolol 5 mg iv
• Cronic, profilactic:
• Paleativ
• Beta blocante
• Calciu blocante
• Curativ
• studiu electrofiziologic si ablatie prin RF a caii lente
Sindromul de preexcitatie
•Cale accesorie de conducere intre atrii si ventriculi:
•Intre AD si VD
•Intre AS si VS
•Cai multiple
•Conducere f. rapida
•In cazul conducerii pe cale accesorie complexul QRS este rezultatul fuziunii intre
•Unda T negativa
Bataie sinusala
QRS Hibrid
Unda “Delta”
PR < .12 s
AP
• FA ,,preexcitată”
Sindromul de preexcitatie
Sindromul de preexcitatie
Unda delta de durata variabila, efect
de acordeon
Sindromul de preexcitatie
Unda delta
intermitenta
Tahicardie prin reintrare atrioventriculara (TRAV)
ortodromica
• Mecanism:
• Conducerea anterograda prin NAV
• Conducere retrograda VA “ascunsa”
• Complexe QRS sunt inguste
• Pre-excitatia nu este evidenta
Conducere
anterograda pe caile
normale
Conducere
retrograda prin
fascicul accesor
Tahicardie prin reintrare
atrioventriculara (TRAV) ortodromica
ESA
Initierea TRAV
Atriu
FA
NAV ESA
Ventriculi
Atriu
Frecventa=150-250 b/min
FA
NAV
Ventriculi
Unda P retrograda pe
segment ST
Tahicardie prin reintrare
atrioventriculara (TRAV) ortodromica
Tahicardie prin reintrare atrioventriculara (TRAV)
antidromica
Tahicardie prin reintrare atrioventriculara (TRAV)
antidromica
• Mecanism:
• Conducere anterograda pe calea accesorie
•Profilactic, cronic:
•Antiaritmice de clasa Ia, Ic, III
•ABLATIE prin RF a caii / cailor accesorii
•CONTRAINDICATE:
•Digoxina
•Blocantele de calciu
Tahicardiile atriale automatice
• Mecanism: automatism anormal
• P de morfologie nesinusala
• T r a t am e n t
de obicei rezistenta la tratament
Stop digitala; fenitoina
potasiu, Ca-blocante
in BPOC = O2
Tahicardiile atriale automatice
Flutter-ul atrial
•Mecanism: macroreintrare
gradului de bloc
Flutter-ul atrial
• Mai rar decat FiA
• Alcoolism, pericardite
• TEP
• Aritmie recurenta
Flutter-ul atrial
Flutter-ul atrial
Dupa CSC
Flutter-ul atrial
Tratament
• Acut
• cardioversie (SEE de energie joasa)
• antiaritmice de clasa I iv
• CCB iv
• βB iv
• manevre vagale
Cronic
• Controlul ritmului
• curativ?
• NB!: risc emboligen
• Indicatiile de anticoagulare sunt aceleasi ca pentru fibrilatie atriala
Fibrilatia atriala
Fibrilatia atriala
multiple
depolarizari
focale
V1
AF = atrial fibrillation
Managementul pacientilor cu FA
ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF = atrial fibrillation; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker;
PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acid; TE = thrombo-embolism.
CHADS2 Risk Score
Scorul CHADS2 Criteria
AF = atrial fibrillation; CHA2DS2-VASc = cardiac failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled)-vascular
disease, age 65–74 and sex category (female); INR = international normalized ratio; OAC = oral anticoagulation, such as a vitamin K
antagonist (VKA) adjusted to an intensity range of INR 2.0–3.0 (target 2.5).
Scorul de sangerare HAS-BLED
AF = atrial fibrillation; DCC = direct current cardioversion; LA = left atrium; LAA = left atrial appendage; OAC = oral anticoagulant;
SR= sinus rhythm; TOE= transoesophageal echocardiography.
Conversia farmacologica a FA recent instalata
ACS = acute coronary syndrome; AF = atrial fibrillation; DCC = direct current cardioversion; i.v. = intravenous;
N/A = not applicable; NYHA, New York Heart Association; p.o. = per os; QRS = QRS duration; QT = QT interval;
T-U = abnormal repolarization (T-U) waves.
Conversia farmacologica si electrica a FA
recent instalata
ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF = congestive heart failure;
HT = hypertension; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; NYHA = New York Heart Association; unstable = cardiac decompensation within the prior
4 weeks. Antiarrhythmic agents are listed in alphabetical order within each treatment box. ? = evidence for ‘upstream’ therapy for prevention of atrial
remodelling still remains controversial.