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Ce este oncologia?
Termenul “ONCOLOGIE” provine din grecescul onkos
(ονκος), care semnifică masă tumorală voluminoasă, și
sufixul -logos, semnificând “studiul….”
Cancerul omoară mai multe persoane decât SIDA, malaria şi TBC împreună.
Una din două la sexul masculin şi una din trei la sexul feminin va avea cancer
Ce este cancerul?
Definiţii istorice
Reducerea Independenţa de
sensibilităţii la semnalele inhibitorii
apoptoză
Cancer
Dezvoltarea şi
menţinerea unei Invazia şi
vascularizaţii tumorale Metastazarea
proprii (angiogenesis)
1. Folkman. In: Kufe, Pollock, Weichselbaum, eds. Cancer Medicine (Holland). 6th ed. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker; 2000
2. Bergers, Benjamin. Nat Rev Cancer 2003; 3. Folkman. NEJM 1971; 4. Folkman. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990
6. Activarea invaziei şi metastazării
(caracteristică permanentă)
6. Invazia şi metastazarea
Capacități noi
Fenomene favorizante
FENOMENELE FAVORIZANTE ALE
FENOTIPULUI MALIGN
CARACTERISTICI FAVORIZANTE
Celule endoteliale
Celule imune
Pericite inflamatorii
therapeutic
base
(B) increase in the size
s
of a metastatic lesion
in the left
retroperitoneum.
R. Fisher - Cancer
heterogeneity: implications
for targeted therapeutics
Morfologia celulelor canceroase
Incidence is the best measure of the frequency of cancer occurrence and is the
number of new (incident) cases arising in the population expressed as a rate
(number of cases per 100.000 persons per year).
Epidemiologic indicators
Prevalence is usually implied to describe the burden of the disease in a community. It can be
expressed as a number of cases per 100000, if referring to the population in general or as a percentage,
if referring to the number of cases within a given hospital.
The prevalence increases with a incidence (new cases arising in the community) and with a duration of
the disease and decrease with mortality and the cure rates.
Epidemiologic measures (terms)
In developed countries heart diseases and cancer are the first and
second most common causes of death respectively, a pattern now
in increasingly seen in developing countries.
Cancer death for all age groups ranks either first or second
among the leading causes for mortality.
Global cancer burden
2. seer,cancer.gov/csr/1975_2006
Potenţial de pacienţi noi în România
Incidenţa CBPNM
• 54,79 cazuri noi (femei)/100.000 locuitori
• populaţia adultă a României: 8.328 cazuri noi
2. seer,cancer.gov/csr/1975_2006
Potenţial de pacienţi noi în România
80
70
60
percent %
50
40
30
20
10
0
Incidenţa cancerului mamar
Variaţii geografici: cancerele colo-rectale
CRC in Europe:
412 900 new cases/year
The change in incidence of various cancers with migration from Japan to the United States provides evidence that the occurrence of
cancers is related to components of the environment that differ in the two countries. The incidence of each kind of cancer is
expressed as the ratio of the death rate in the population being considered to that in a hypothetical population of California whites
with the same age distribution; the death rates for whites are thus defined as 1. The death rates among immigrants and immigrants'
sons tend consistently toward California norms. (From Cairns J: The cancer problem. In Readings from Scientific American-Cancer
Biology. New York, WH Freeman, 1986, p. 13.)
Cauzele cancerelor
Factorii genetici
Factorii endocrini
Factorii imuni
Factorii metabolici
Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes
Hormonal factors