Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria tiine Juridice, Nr.

3/2013

SOLUIONAREA PE CALE PANIC

PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF

A DIFERENDELOR

INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES - A

INTERNAIONALE - PRINCIPIU

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF

FUNDAMENTAL AL DREPTULUI

PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

INTERNAIONAL PUBLIC
Roxana Alina PETRARU **
Roxana Alina PETRARU*
Abstract: Soluionarea pe cale panic a
diferendelor internaionale este un principiu de baz
a dreptului internaional public, o idee la fel de veche
ca i cea a rzboiului sau a recurgerii la for pentru
rezolvarea problemelor care pot aprea ntre state.
Importana principiului soluionrii pe cale panic a
diferendelor internaionale rezult din faptul c, spre
deosebire de principiile care urmresc s elimine
posibilitatea apariiei unui diferend internaional,
acest principiu are ca obiect derularea unor anumite
operaiuni care s rezolve diferendul deja aprut. n
acest articol urmeaz s demonstrm calitatea
principiului soluionrii pe cale panic a
diferendelor internaionale ca principiu fundamental
al dreptului internaional public.
Cuvinte cheie: diferende internaionale,
principiu fundamental, O.N.U., mijloace politicodiplomatice, mijloace cu caracter jurisdicional,
mijloace i proceduri de rezolvare n cadrul
organizaiilor internaionale

1.
Noiunea de principiu de
drept internaional public
Subiecte principale de drept
internaional public, statele, ntrein ntre
ele o gam variat de relaii a cror bun
desfurare este condiionat de respectarea
ordinii juridice internaionale, ordine care
este fondat pe existena unor principii
directoare. Aceste principii reprezint
nucleul dreptului internaional public i au
nceput s fie creionate nc din antichitate.
Prin
principiu
fundamental
nelegem o prescripie normativ ce se
*

Astract: Peaceful settlement of international

disputes is a basic principle of public international
law, an idea as old as that of war or of the use of
force to solve problems that may arise between states.
"The importance of the principle of peaceful
settlement of international disputes is given by the fact
that, unlike the principles that seek to eliminate the
possibility of an international dispute, this principle
aims to conduct certain operations in order to resolve
the dispute that has already occurred. In this article
we are going to demonstrate the quality of the
principle of peaceful settlement of international
disputes as a fundamental principle of public
international law.
Key
words:
international
disputes,
fundamental principle, UN, political and diplomatic
means, means with a judicial character, means and
procedures of settlement within international
organizations

1.
The
notion
of
public
international law principle
As main subjects of public
international law, the states develop a wide
range of relationships whose good conduct
is subject to compliance with the
international legal order, an order that is
based on the existence of certain
guidelines. These principles are the core of
public international law and began to be
sketched since antiquity.
A fundamental principle is "a
normative prescription that is characterized
by a high level of abstraction, giving
expression
to
universally
accepted

Lect. univ.drd., Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea Petre Andrei din Iai.

PhDs, University Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Petre Andrei University from Iasi.

**

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caracterizeaz printr-un nalt nivel de

abstractizare, dnd expresie unei valori
internaionale universal acceptate i care
guverneaz conduita subiectelor de drept
internaional1. Principiile fundamentale
ale dreptului internaional public au un
caracter general, universal, o valoare
juridic egal i sunt n raport de
interdependen.
n conformitate cu textul Declaraiei
cu privire la principiile fundamentale i
necesitatea aplicrii lor universale n
relaiile internaionale din 1937, omenirea
va putea progresa doar atunci cnd
libertatea uman este asigurat; atunci cnd
toate guvernele accept dreptul fiecruia
din ele de a-i stabili i guverna n mod
liber i fr nici o ingerin exterioar
problemele lor interne; cnd n relaiile
dintre naiuni se respect cu bun credin
cuvntul
dat;
atunci
cnd
exist
convingerea de abinere de la utilizarea
forei armate n promovarea politicii
externe i atunci cnd exist dorina de a
soluiona toate divergenele exclusiv prin
modaliti panice; atunci cnd relaiile
economice se fundamenteaz pe beneficiul
mutual,
egalitate
de
tratament i
corectitudine. Aceste principii cristalizate
n aceast declaraie a lui Cordell Hull, vor
fi codificate parial printre altele prin:
Carta O.N.U., Carta Organizaiei Statelor
Americane, Declaraia Adunrii Generale
asupra principiilor de drept internaional,
ale relaiilor prieteneti i de colaborare
dintre
state,
Carta
drepturilor
i
ndatoririlor economice ale statelor, Actul
final de la Helsinki, etc.
Declaraia Adunrii Generale a
O.N.U. din 1970 menioneaz 7 principii
fundamentale ale dreptului internaional
public. Aceste sunt: nerecurgerea la for
sau la ameninarea cu fora, obligaia
soluionrii pe cale panic a diferendelor
internaionale, neamestecul n treburile
interne ale altor state, ndatorirea statelor
de a coopera ntre ele, egalitatea n drepturi
a popoarelor i dreptul la autodeterminare,

international values  which govern the

conduct of subjects of international law" 13.
The fundamental principles of
public international law are general,
universal, an equal legal value and are in a
relationship of interdependence.
As stated in the Declaration on
fundamental principles and the need for
their universal application in regard to
international relations in 1937, "humanity
can progress only when human freedom is
assured, when all governments accept the
right of each of them to establish and
govern freely and without any outside
interference their internal affairs; when the
word given is respected in the relations
between nations; when there is a will to
abstain from the use of armed force in the
promotion of foreign policy; when there is
a desire to resolve all disputes exclusively
by peaceful means; when economic
relations are based on mutual benefit,
equality and fair treatment. These
principles crystallized in the statement of
Cordell Hull, will be encoded partly by
means of: the UN Charter, the OAS
Charter, General Assembly Declaration on
principles of international law, on the
friendly relations and cooperation among
states, the Charter of Economic Rights and
Duties of States, the Helsinki Final Act,
etc.
UNO
General
Assembly
Declaration from 1970 mentions seven
fundamental
principles
of
public
international law. These are: non-use of
force or of the threat by force, the
obligation of peaceful settlement of
international disputes, non-interference in
the internal affairs of other states, the duty
of states to cooperate with each other,
equal rights of peoples and the right to selfdetermination, sovereign equality of states
and fulfilment in good faith of international
obligations. According to the Final Act of
the
Conference
on
Security
and
Cooperation in Europe, to the principles
mentioned above we can add the principle

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egalitatea
suveran
a
statelor
i
ndeplinirea cu bun credin a obligaiilor
internaionale.
n
conformitate
cu
prevederile Actului final al Conferinei
pentru securitate i cooperare n Europa, la
principiile amintite mai sus putem aduga
principiul inviolabilitii frontierelor, al
integritii
teritoriale
i
respectul
drepturilor omului i a libertilor
fundamentale. n prezent, unii autori2
susin c are loc formarea i consacrarea
unor noi principii: principiul dezarmrii, al
proteciei
mediului
nconjurtor,
al
securitii colective i al coexistenei
panice.
2.

Principiul soluionrii pe
cale
panic
a
diferendelor
internaionale
De-a lungul timpului, n relaiile
dintre state, precum i n raporturile dintre
acestea i alte subiecte de drept
internaional au aprut sau se pot ivi
interese opuse, nenelegeri sau probleme
litigioase sau, momente de tensiune i de
ncordare, nglobnd cauze dintre cele mai
diverse, unele motive fiind de dat relative
recent sau cu strvechi rdcini n
istorie3. Aceste probleme se numesc
diferende
internaionale.
Curtea
Permanent de Justiie Internaional
considera
diferendul
ca
fiind
o
nenelegere, un dezacord asupra unui
punct de drept sau de fapt o contradicie; o
opoziie de teze juridice sau de interese4.
n conformitate cu dreptul internaional
contemporan, ce interzice folosirea forei
sau ameninarea cu fora, statele ca i
celelalte subiecte ale acestui drept au
obligaia s rezolve diferendele dintre ele
doar pe cale panic5.
Soluionarea
diferendelor
internaionale pe cale panic constituie un
principiu al dreptului internaional public
din anul 1928, cnd a fost semnat Pactul
Briand - Kellogg. Conform articolului 1,
naltele Pri Contractante declar solemn
n numele popoarelor lor respective c

of inviolability of borders, of territorial

integrity and the respect for human rights
and fundamental freedoms. Currently,
some authors14 argue that the establishment
and consecration of some new principles
takes place: the disarmament principle, the
principle of environmental protection, of
collective security and of peaceful
coexistence.
2 . The principle of peaceful
settlement of international disputes
"Over time, in the relations between
states, and in the relations between them
and other subjects of international law
opposing interests, disagreement or
contentious issues or moments of tension
and suspense have arisen or may arise, due
to causes of the most diverse, some reasons
are relatively recent or have ancient roots
in history" 15. These problems are called
international disputes. The Permanent
Court of International Justice considers the
dispute as a "misunderstanding, a
disagreement on a point of law or in fact a
contradiction, an opposition of judicial
theses or legal interests16". "In line with
contemporary international law, which
prohibits the use of force or of the threat by
force, the states just like the other subjects
of the law are required to resolve disputes
between them by peaceful means only" 17.
Settlement of international disputes
by peaceful means is a principle of public
international law since 1928, when Briand
- Kellogg Pact was signed. According to
Article 1, "The High Contracting Parties
solemnly declare in the names of their
respective peoples that they condemn the
recourse to war for the settlement of
international disputes and drop it as an
instrument of national policy in their
mutual relations." Further, in Article 2
"The High Contracting Parties admit that
the regulation or settlement of all disputes
or conflicts of whatever nature or of
whatever origin they may be which may
arise between them, will have to be

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condamn recursul la rzboi pentru

regularea diferendelor internaionale i
renun la el ca instrument de politic
naional n relaiunile lor mutuale. Mai
departe, n articolul 2 naltele Pri
Contractante recunosc c regularea sau
rezolvarea
tuturor
diferendelor
sau
conflictelor de orice natur sau de orice
origine ar fi ele care se vor putea ivi ntre
ele, nu va trebui niciodat urmrit dect
prin mijloace pacifice.6 Acest principiu
este amintit i de alte documente
internaionale dintre care menionm
Conveniile de la Haga, din 1899 i 1907,
Statutul Societii Naiunilor (1919), Carta
O.N.U (1945)7, Convenia european
pentru soluionarea panic a diferendelor
(1957) adoptata n cadrul Consiliului
Europei, Rezoluia Adunrii Generale
2160(XXI) din 1966privind respectarea
strict a interdiciei de a recurge la
ameninarea cu fora sau la folosirea forei
n relaiile internaionale i dreptul la
autodeterminare, Declaraia referitoare la
principiile dreptului internaional privind
relaiile prieteneti i cooperarea dintre
state potrivit Cartei O.N.U. (1970),
Declaraia de la Manila (1982)8 i altele.
Consultarea acestor documente duce la
concluzia general c dreptul internaional
impune o obligaie general de soluionare
pe
cale
panic
a
diferendelor
internaionale. Aceast obligaie trebuie
executat rapid, pentru a se evita eventuala
escaladare a lor.
Fundamentul
procesului
de
soluionare panic l constituie respectarea
principiului egalitii suverane i al celui
privind cooperarea statelor9. Acest lucru
demonstreaz nc o dat interdependena
dintre
principiile
fundamentale
ale
dreptului internaional public.
Avnd n vedere caracterul voluntar
al acestui principiu, trebuie s subliniem c
obligaiile pozitive care incumb statelor
sunt de dou categorii: obligaia de a
ndeplini aciuni privind alegerea i
folosirea mijloacelor convenite i obligaia

pursued only through peaceful means 18.

"This principle is mentioned in other
international documents of which we
mention the Hague Convention, from 1899
and 1907, the Statute of Nations (1919),
UN Charter (1945) 19, Convention for the
peaceful settlement of disputes (1957)
adopted by the Council of Europe, the
General Assembly resolution 2160 (XXI)
from 1966 regarding the strict compliance
with the prohibition to use threat by force
or force in international relations and the
right to self-determination, the Declaration
on the principles of international law
concerning
friendly
relations
and
cooperation among states according to the
UN Charter (1970), Manila Declaration
(1982) 20 and others. The study of these
documents would lead to the general
conclusion that international law imposes a
general obligation of peaceful settlement of
international disputes. This obligation must
be performed rapidly to avoid their
possible escalation.
"The foundation of the process of
peaceful settlement is the observance of the
principle of sovereign equality and of that
regarding the cooperation of states." 21 This
once
again
demonstrates
the
interdependence of fundamental principles
of public international law.
Given the voluntary nature of this
principle, we must emphasize that the
positive obligations incumbent on states
are of two categories: the obligation to
perform actions regarding the choice and
the use of agreed means and the obligation
to find a mutually acceptable solution. The
solution should be one able to fully and
quickly resolve the existing conflict, the
parties being free to choose the means
which they consider to be the most
suitable. Whatever the means chosen, the
parties are bound to apply fully and in
good faith the treaties to which they are
part and their provisions on the regulation
of the procedure of peaceful settlement of
international disputes. Another obligation

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gsirii unei soluii reciproc acceptabile.

Soluia trebuie s fie una n msur de a
rezolva deplin i rapid conflictul existent,
prile fiind libere s aleag mijloacele pe
care le consider a fi cele mai potrivite.
Indiferent de mijlocul ales, prile sunt
obligate s aplice deplin i cu bun credin
tratatele la care sunt parte i prevederile
acestora privind reglementarea procedurii
de rezolvare pe cale panic a diferendelor
internaionale. O alt obligaie a statelor
este aceea de a se abine de la orice act care
ar putea agrava diferendul existent sau
situaia internaional.
n vederea rezolvrii diferendelor
internaionale, prile pot recurge la trei
categorii de mijloace panice: politicodiplomatice (negocierile, bunele-oficii,
medierea,
ancheta
internaional,
concilierea), jurisdicionale (arbitrajul,
instanele judiciare internaionale) i
organizaii internaionale.
Mijloacele
politico-diplomatice
corespund unui arsenal de procedee de
rezolvare dintre cele mai vechi, considerate
clasice. Scopul acestor mijloace este
apropierea punctelor de vedere ale prilor
implicate, pn la gsirea unei soluii
acceptabil de ambele pri. Aceste
mijloace sunt eficiente numai dac prile
implicate consimt s participe cu buncredin.
Negocierile reprezint cel mai
dinamic i eficient mijloc de soluionare pe
care panic a diferendelor internaionale.
Ele sunt prezente n orice proces de
soluionare panic, chiar dac diferendul
se rezolv pe o alt cale.
Importana
negocierilor
(tratativelor) ca mijloc de soluionare
panic este consacrat de art. 33 al Cartei
O.N.U., precum i n alte documente
relevante unde ele figureaz pe primul loc
n cadrul metodelor de rezolvare panic a
diferendelor. n raport cu celelalte metode
de rezolvare panic a diferendelor, metoda
tratativelor se caracterizeaz prin suplee,
operativitate i o mai mare eficacitate n

of the States is to refrain from any action

which might aggravate the existing dispute
or international situation.
In order to resolve international
disputes, the parties may resort to three
categories of peaceful means: political and
diplomatic (negotiations, good offices,
mediation, international investigation,
conciliation),
judicial
(arbitration,
international courts) and international
organizations.
Political and diplomatic means
correspond to an arsenal of the oldest
methods for solving regarded as classics.
The purpose of these means is to interrelate
the views of the parties involved in order to
find a solution acceptable by both parties.
These means are effective only if the
parties involved agree to participate in
good faith.
Negotiations are the most dynamic
and effective means of peaceful settlement
of international disputes. They are present
in any process of peaceful settlement, even
if the dispute is resolved in some other
way.
The importance of negotiations
(talks) as a means of peaceful settlement is
stated by art.33 of the UN Charter and by
other relevant documents where they
appear as the first method of peaceful
resolution of disputes. In comparison with
other methods of peaceful settlement of
disputes, the negotiation method is
characterized by flexibility, greater
efficiency and effectiveness in searching
and finding solutions, by a lower degree of
formality and by a greater adaptability to
different conflict situations occurring in
international relations.
Good offices consist of the action of
a third State, of an international
organization or of an influential personality
to persuade the states which are part of the
dispute to resolve conflicts between them
by peaceful means, to contact or to restore
contacts between those states22.
Mediation is defined as the action

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cutarea i gsirea de soluii, printr-un grad

mai redus de formalism i o mai mare
capacitate de adaptare la diversitatea
situaiilor conflictuale care apar n planul
relaiilor internaionale.
Bunele oficii constau n aciunea
unui stat ter, a unei organizaii
internaionale sau a unei personaliti
influente de a convinge statele aflate n
diferend s rezolve nenelegerile dintre ele
pe cale panic, de a pune n contact sau a
restabili contactele ntre respectivele
state10.
Mediaiunea este definit ca
aciunea unui stat, a unei organizaii
internaionale sau a unei persoane oficiale,
care se bucur de reputaie i de prestigiul
imparialitii, de a participa n mod direct
la tratativele dintre pri i de a le conduce
spre un acord pe baza soluiilor pe care le
propune acestora11.
Ancheta reprezint o metod de
soluionare care const n clarificarea, de
ctre o comisie desemnat n acest scop de
ctre prile aflate n diferend sau de ctre
o organizaie internaional, a unor situaii
de fapt controversate asupra crora exist
un diferend. Ancheta internaional are un
obiect de investigare limitat, iar poziia sa
este auxiliar fa de celelalte metode de
soluionare
panic
a
diferendelor,
constituind, de regul, o operaiune
preliminar, creia i urmeaz calea
tratativelor, a bunelor oficii sau a
mediaiunii ori, de cele mai multe ori, a
unui arbitraj sau a unui tribunal
internaional.
Concilierea
este
metoda
de
soluionare panic n conformitate cu care
un diferend internaional este examinat de
ctre un organ colegial prestabilit sau
alctuit ad-hoc (comisia de conciliere),
compus din persoane particulare numite
sau agreate de pri, care n vederea
ajungerii la o nelegere propune o soluie
de mpcare pe care prile o pot accepta
sau o pot respinge12.
O categorie aparte de mijloace de

of a State, of an international organization

or of an official who has a reputation or the
prestige of impartiality, to participate
directly in negotiations between the parties
and to lead them towards an agreement
based on the solutions it proposes to
them23.
The survey is a method that consists
in the clarification by a committee
appointed for this purpose by the parties
which are part of the dispute or by an
international organization of controversial
circumstances over which there is a
dispute. International survey has a limited
investigation object and its position is
ancillary to the other methods of peaceful
settlement of disputes, being usually a
preliminary operation, which is followed
by negotiation, good offices or mediation,
most often, by arbitration or an
international tribunal.
Reconciliation is the method of
peaceful settlement under which an
international dispute is reviewed by a
predetermined collegial body or composed
ad hoc (the Reconciliation Commission),
composed of individuals appointed or
agreed by the parties, which, in order reach
an agreement proposes a reconciliation
solution which the parties may accept or
may refuse24.
A special category of means of
peaceful settlement of international
disputes is the means of a judicial nature.
Unlike the political and diplomatic means,
which are characterized by the issue of
binding decisions on the parties, decided
by an independent body, after the
development of an adversarial procedure,
guaranteeing the right to defense and
equality of the parties.
International arbitration is a method of
settling of a judicial nature, in which a
number of impartial arbitrators examine the
dispute within contentious proceedings
based on the application of the rules
previously agreed by the parties and of
international law in general and give a

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soluionare pe cale panic a diferendelor

internaionale o constituie mijloacele cu
caracter jurisdicional. Spre deosebire de
mijloacele politico-diplomatice, acestea se
caracterizeaz prin emiterea unor decizii cu
caracter obligatoriu pentru pri, pronunat
de un organ independent, n urma
desfurrii unei proceduri contradictorii,
cu garantarea dreptului la aprare i
egalitatea prilor.
Arbitrajul internaional este o
metod de soluionare cu caracter
jurisdicional, n cadrul creia un numr de
arbitri impariali analizeaz diferendul n
cadrul unei proceduri contencioase pe baza
aplicrii regulilor convenite anterior de
pri i a dreptului internaional n
ansamblu i d o hotrre care este
obligatorie n temeiul consimmntului
prealabil al prilor. Specific arbitrajului
internaional, spre deosebire de mijloacele
politico-diplomatice, este n primul rnd
caracterul obligatoriu al hotrrilor
pronunate.
Justiia internaional este forma
judiciar instituionalizat n cadrul creia
un corp de judectori numii anterior pe o
perioad determinat analizeaz diferendul
potrivit unei proceduri prestabilite prin
statutul tribunalului i d o hotrre care
este obligatorie pentru prile aflate n
diferend.
Nu n ultimul rnd, n aceast
enumerare a mijloacelor de soluionare pe
cale panic a diferendelor internaionale
amintim
importana
organizaiilor
internaionale. n cadrul organizaiilor
internaionale se pot soluiona diferende de
diferite tipuri: ntre statele membre; ntre
un stat membru i organizaie; ntre diferite
organisme ale organizaiei; ntre o
organizaie
i
alte
organizaii
internaionale;
ntre
organizaie
i
funcionarii si.

judgment which is binding by virtue of the

prior consent of the parties. Specific to
international arbitration, unlike political
and diplomatic means, is primarily the
binding nature of the decisions.
International
justice
is
the
institutionalized legal form in which a
body of judges previously appointed for a
specified period analyzes the dispute
according to an established procedure by
the statute of the court and gives a
judgment which is binding on the parties
which are part of the dispute.
Finally, in this list of means of peaceful
settlement of international disputes we will
mention the importance of international
organizations. International organizations
can settle disputes of various types:
between the Member States; between a
Member State and the organization;
between
different
bodies
of
the
organization, between the organization and
other international organizations; between
the organization and its officials.
3. Conclusions
Peaceful settlement of disputes is
binding for all states, meaning that they
must resolve the disputes between them by
peaceful means in accordance with the
principles and norms of international law
and universal, in the sense that they must
use this method to resolve any dispute,
regardless of its nature and the stage in
which it finds itself. As we demonstrated
throughout this article, the principle of
peaceful settlement of international
disputes is a fundamental principle of
public international law with a universal
character strongly interrelated with the
other principles.

Bibliography
Al.
Burian
(coord),
Drept
internaional public (Public International
Law), 3rd edition, Tipografia Elena V.I.
3. Concluzii
Rezolvarea pe cale panic a Publishing House, Chiinu, 2009
diferendelor are un caracter obligatoriu
M. D. Lungu, Rolul organizaiilor

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pentru toate statele, n sensul c acestea

trebuie s rezolve diferendele dintre ele
exclusiv prin mijloace panice, n
conformitate cu principiile i normele de
drept internaional, i un caracter universal,
n sensul c trebuie s se recurg la aceast
cale pentru soluionarea oricrui diferend,
indiferent de natura acestuia i de faza n
care s-ar afla. Aa cum am demonstrate n
cuprinsul
acestui
articol,
principiul
soluionrii pe cale panic a diferendelor
internaionale
este
un
principiu
fundamental al dreptului internaional
public, cu caracter universal i aflat n
strns interdependen cu celelalte
principii.
Bibliografie
Al.
Burian
(coord),
Drept
internaional public, ediia a III-a, Editura
Tipografia Elena V.I., Chiinu, 2009
M. D. Lungu, Rolul organizaiilor
internaionale n soluionarea panic a
diferendelor
internaionale,
Editura
Universul Juridic, Bucureti, 2010
L. M. Trocan, Medierea
modalitate de soluionare panic a
diferendelor
internaionale,
Revista
Medierea,
nr.1-2/2011,
Editura
Universitar, Bucureti
L. M. Trocan, Bunele Oficii mijloc
panic
de
soluionare
a
diferendelor
internaionale,
Analele
Universitii Constantin Brncui din
Trgu Jiu, Seria tiine Juridice nr. 3/2011
L.
M.
Trocan,
Concilierea
internaional, modalitate de rezolvare pe
cale panic a diferendelor internaionale,
Analele
Universitii
Constantin
Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria tiine
Juridice nr. 1/2012
L.
M.
Trocan,
Consideraii
generale
privind
diferendele
internaionale,
Analele
Universitii
Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria
tiine Juridice nr. 2/2012
Pactul Briand-Kellogg din 1928
(http://www.jura.uni-

internaionale n soluionarea panic a

diferendelor internaionale (Role of
International Organizations in the Peaceful
Settlement of International Disputes),
Universul Juridic Publishing House,
Bucharest, 2010
L. M. Trocan, Medierea
modalitate de soluionare panic a
diferendelor internaionale (Mediation a
way of peaceful settlement of international
disputes), Medierea Magazine, no.12/2011, Editura Universitar, Bucharest
L. M. Trocan, Bunele Oficii mijloc
panic
de
soluionare
a
diferendelor internaionale (Good Offices
- Peaceful Means of Settling International
Disputes)
Annals of Constantin
Brncui University from Trgu Jiu, Legal
Sciences Series, no. 3/2011
L.
M.
Trocan,
Concilierea
internaional, modalitate de rezolvare pe
cale panic a diferendelor internaionale
(International Reconciliation , a Peaceful
Way of Solving International Disputes),
Annals
of
Constantin
Brncui
University from Trgu Jiu, Legal Sciences
Series no. 1/2012
L. M. Trocan, Consideraii generale
privind
diferendele
internaionale
(General Considerations on International
Disputes),
Annals
of
Constantin
Brncui University from Trgu Jiu, Legal
Sciences Series, no. 2/2012
Briand-Kellogg Pact of 1928
(http://www.jura.unimuenchen.de/fakultaet/lehrstuehle/satzger/
materialien/kellogg1928e.pdf)

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muenchen.de/fakultaet/lehrstuehle/satzger/
materialien/kellogg1928e.pdf)

Al. Burian (coord), Drept internaional public, ediia a III-a, editura Tipografia Elena V.I., Chiinu, 2009, p.
63.
2
Ibidem, p. 62
3
L. M. Trocan, Consideraii generale privind diferendele internaionale, Analele Universitii Constantin
Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria tiine Juridice nr. 2/2012, p. 53.
4
Ibidem, p. 54.
5
Ibidem, p. 55.
6
Pactul Briand-Kellogg din 1928
(http://www.jura.uni-muenchen.de/fakultaet/lehrstuehle/satzger/materialien/kellogg1928e.pdf)
7
Art. 2, parag. 3: Toi membrii organizaiei vor rezolva diferendele lor internaionale prin mijloace panice, n
aa fel nct pacea i securitatea internaional, precum i justiia, s nu fie puse n primejdie. Obligaia de
principiu prevzut de art. 2, paragraful 3, din Cart este detaliat n Capitolul VI al Cartei O.N.U. (art. 33-38),
care indic urmtoarele mijloace i metode de soluionare panic a diferendelor internaionale: tratativele,
ancheta, mediaiunea, concilierea, arbitrajul, mijloacele cu caracter jurisdicional, recurgerea la organizaii sau
acorduri regionale, precum i orice alte mijloace asupra crora statele cad de acord s le foloseasc.
8
Seciunea 1, parag. 13- Nici existena unui diferend, nici euarea unei proceduri de reglementare panic nu
autorizeaz vreunul din statele pri la diferend s recurg la for sau la ameninarea cu fora.
9
M. D. Lungu, Rolul organizaiilor internaionale n soluionarea panic a diferendelor internaionale Editura
Universul Juridic, Bucureti, 2010, p. 29.
10
A se vedea pentru detalii L. M. Trocan, Bunele Oficii - mijloc panic de soluionare a diferendelor
internaionale, Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria tiine Juridice, nr. 3/2011, p.
159-172.
11
A se vedea pentru detalii L. M. Trocan, Medierea modalitate de soluionare panic a diferendelor
internaionale, Revista Medierea, nr.1-2/2011, Editura Universitar, Bucureti, p. 70-71.
12
A se vedea pentru detalii L. M. Trocan, Concilierea internaional, modalitate de rezolvare pe cale panic
a diferendelor internaionale, Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria tiine Juridice
nr. 1/2012, p. 73-86.
13
Al. Burian (coord), Drept internaional public (Public International Law), 3rd edition, Tipografia Elena V.I.
Publishing House, Chiinu, 2009, p. 63.
14
Ibidem, p. 62
15
L. M. Trocan, Consideraii generale privind diferendele internaionale (General Considerations on
International Disputes), Annals of Constantin Brncui University from Trgu Jiu, Legal Sciences Series, no.
2/2012, p. 53.
16
Ibidem, p. 54.
17
Ibidem, p. 55.
18
Briand-Kellogg Pact of 1928
(http://www.jura.uni-muenchen.de/fakultaet/lehrstuehle/satzger/materialien/kellogg1928e.pdf)
19
Article 2, paragraph 3: "All Members of the organization shall settle their international disputes by peaceful
means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered ." The principle
obligation laid down in art. 2, paragraph 3, of the Charter is detailed in Chapter VI of the UN Charter ( art. 3338 ), which indicates the following means and methods of peaceful settlement of international disputes:
negotiations , inquiry , mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial nature means, recourse to regional agreement
or organizations, and any other means which the States agree to use.
20
Section 1, paragraph 13 - "Neither the existence of a dispute nor the failure of a peaceful settlement procedure
authorizes any of the Parties to the dispute to resort to force or to the threat by force ."
21
M. D. Lungu, Rolul organizaiilor internaionale n soluionarea panic a diferendelor internaionale (Role of
International Organizations in the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes), Universul Juridic Publishing
House, Bucharest, 2010, p. 29
22
See for details L. M. Trocan, Bunele Oficii - mijloc panic de soluionare a diferendelor internaionale
(Good Offices - Peaceful Means of Settling International Disputes) Annals of Constantin Brncui University
from Trgu Jiu, Legal Sciences Series, no. 3/2011, p. 159-172.

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23

See for details L. M. Trocan, Medierea modalitate de soluionare panic a diferendelor internaionale
(Mediation a way of peaceful settlement of international disputes), Medierea Magazine, no.1-2/2011, Editura
Universitar, Bucharest, p. 70-71.
24
See for details L. M. Trocan, Concilierea internaional, modalitate de rezolvare pe cale panic a
diferendelor internaionale (International Reconciliation , a Peaceful Way of Solving International Disputes),
Annals of Constantin Brncui University from Trgu Jiu, Legal Sciences Series no. 1/2012, p. 73-86.

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