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Capitol 2. Hematologie
HEMATII
LEUCOCITE
PATOLOGIA HEMOSTAZEI
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemia
Caracteristici generale
Clasificare
Tipuri de anemie
Policitemia
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemia
Anemia reducerea masei eritrocitare sub limita normal
hipoxie
Semne cliniceSimtome generale- mucoase palide, reducerea toleranei la efort, frecvenei
respiratorii, frecvenei cardiace,cefalee, slbiciune
Asociate hemolizei- splenomegalie, icter, urin de culoare inchis datorit
hemoglobinuriei sau bilirubinuriei
Semne clinice nespecifice, (alte boli sistemice) - anorexie, febr, limfadenopatie
Determinri paraclinice hematocrit (HCT) (%)
hemoglobina(HGB) (g/dl)
numr total de eritrocite (E) (celule/l)
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC, 2010, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
8th Edition, Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
USA.
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemia
Clasificarea anemiilor:
a. volumul eritrocitar i concentria de hemoglobin
b. rspunsul medular
c. mecanismul de producere
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemia
a. volumul eritrocitar i concentria de hemoglobin
(E 1012//L), (HCT %), (HGB g/dl)
(CHEM pg), (VEM fL), (CHEM g/dl) (Indice de anizocitoz)
VEM - normocitar, microcitar, sau macrocitar;
CHEM - normocrom sau hipochrom
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemia
b. rspuns medular
Anemiile sunt clasificate ca regenerative or nonregenerative n funcie de numrul
de reticulicte circulante
Om 0.5-1.5 %
Cine 0-1%, 0-60,000 cel/ l
Pisica 0-0.4% 0-15,000 cel/ l (reticulocite agregate)
Vaca 0% (doar n anemii intens regenerative)
Cai 0% .
Reticulocitoz vizibil dup 2-3 zile
maximum 7 zile.
prompt cine i porc,
intermediar pisic
sczut - rumegtoare
Fig. 1. Reticuloci
Reticulocite (Colora
Coloraia cu Albastru Brilliant )
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemia
b. rspuns medular
alte caracteristici ale anemiilor regenerative
Fig. 2. Eri
Erithrobla
throblati ( colora
coloraia MayMay-Grunwald)
Grunwald)
Fig. 3. Reticulocit
e ( Colora
Reticulocite
Coloraia Wright)
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematiile
Anemia
Acut
Acut- Trauma
CronicCronic- leziuni gastrointestinale,
gastrointestinale,
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC, 2010, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 8th Edition,
Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
USA.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemia
Non regenerative
Anemia dat. pi
Proteine totale
Anemii
(H, Hb, Ht )
Regenerative
reticulocite
Anemie hemolitic
Proteine totale
(sau normal)
Bilirubin (moderat)
Hemoglobin (posibil)
Thrall AM and colab., 2006, Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Blackweell
Publishing, Oxford UK
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemia
Anemii regenerative
Anemia hemoragic
Acuta
10
Hematologie veteriana
veterianara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemia regenerativ
Anemia
Anemia hemoragic
11
Thrall AM and colab., 2006, Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Blackweell
Publishing, Oxford UK
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemia
Anemiile Regenerative
Anemia hemolitic
acuta
diagn. dif. fa de recoltare defectuoas
(E , Hb , Ht )
Bilirubina (indirect) Hemoglobin
Reticulocitoz (3-7 zile de la debut)
Compusi de degradare a hemoglobinei
Bilirubinurie, hemoglobinurie uneori!
Cronica (aditional)
Hemosideroza
Posibil eritropoez extramedular
(splin, ficat, limfonoduli)
12
Hemolize infecioase.
Inoxicaii
Cupru - ovine
Acetaminofen
Propilen glicol
Imunologice
Anemia hemolitic autoimun
Boala serului (Rh)
Weiss DJ, KJ Wardrop KJ, 2010, Schalms Veterinary Hematology 6th Edition, Blackweell Publishing, Oxford U
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemiile Regenerative
Anemia
Anemia hemolitic
Hemolize infecioase
Hemobartonella canis
Hemobartonella felis infecii virale FLV FIV
Babesioza
Cine (B. canis, B. gibsoni) Cal
Anaplasmoza (Anaplasma spp. ) (bovine, ovine,
cal? )
Ehrlichioza - caine pisica (Ehrlichia canis)
Leptospira icterohemoragie
Clostridium hemoliticum
13
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemiile regenerative
Anemia
Anemia Hemolitic
Hemoliz extravascular
Hemoliz intravascular
14
Caracteristici majore
anemia,
hemoglobinemie (CHEM i VEM)
( plasma haptoglobine ),
hemoglobinurie, (intens, acut)
hemosiderinurie, (cronic)
icter
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemiile regenerative
Anemia
Anemi e hemolitic
(H, Hb, Ht, ind.
anizocitoz)
Reticulocite
eritroblati
Hemoliz extravascular s
(hipersplenism)
anemie, icter ,
splenomegalie
Hemoliz intravascular
hemoglobinemia (CHEM, HEM),
hemoglobinurie, hemosiderinurie,
icter, haptoglobine
15
Microhematocrit
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemia
H, Hb , Ht
reticulocite (nr. sczut / normal)
Pancitopenie
E neutrofile , plachete
Hipoplpazie eritrocitar
doar E
16
Publishing, Oxford UK
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemia
Pancitopenia
VEM, HEM, CHEM, Indice de anizocitoz, neutropenie , trombocitopenie
Etiologie
- Medicia antineoplazi i imunosupresiv
(doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristina).
- estrogeni (cini i dihori), fenilbutazon (cini), griseofulvin (pisici),
fenobarbital (cini), albendazol (cini i pisici).
- virus: parvovirus (cine), virusul leucemiei feline (FeLV)
17
Publishing, Oxford UK
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Anemia
Hipoplazia eritrocitar
Anemia asociat
afeciunilor cronice
(inflamatorii)
( VEM sau normal)
sideremie
feritina
Lecograma inflamatorie
18
Thrall AM and colab., 2006, Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Blackweell Publishing, Oxford UK
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemii non regenerative
Anemia
(VEM
(VEM sau normal,
normal, CHEM normal, HEM
HEM,
OM
Caren nutriional
(B12/ acid folic )
- malabsorpie ( intr factor)
Cine
-ereditar
def reeptori de cobalamin ,
Rumegtoare
Deficient de Co n sol
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0301/p979.html
19
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0301/p979.html
Publishing, Oxford UK
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemia
20
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0301/p979.html
Publishing, Oxford UK
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemii Non regenerative
Anemia
sideremia
21
hepcidin transfer
fierului macrofage n
precursorii eritrocitelor
IL 6
Eritropoetin
Publishing, Oxford UK
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Anemii Non regenerative
Anemia
22
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC, 2010, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 8th Edition,
Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
USA.
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Policitemie
Policitemia E, HCT, HGB .
policitemia - implic toate celulele sngelui
eritrocitoz creterea numrului de eritrocite
Policitemie Relativ
- hemoconcentraie - scderea volumului plsmatic,
- Dehidratare deprivare de ap, vom
sau diaree, diuretice)
- redistribuie eritrocitar creterea masei celulare
( contracie splenic pisici i cai)
23
Publishing, Oxford UK
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematii
Policitemie
Policitemie absolut
primar - anormalite lanivelul precursorllor eritrocitari
(policitemia vera cini, pisici, cai i bovine)
secundar - eritropoietin.
- hipoxie eritropoietin
(insuficien cronic circulatorie i respiratorie )
- eritropoietin (fr hipoxie sistemic)
- tumori renale ,
- sindrom paraneoplazic ( tumori non renale care produc eritropoietin
sau substane erythropoietin-like).
24
Publishing, Oxford UK
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematii
Policitemie
Hemoconcentraie (H , Hb , Ht
) VEM
Ht + Tot prot
prot
CHEM, HEM, RDW - normal
Relativ
(E , Hb , Ht
Ht )
pisici,
pisici, cai (leucocitoz excitement response)
response)
Redistributir
Policitemia
Primar
EPO normal !
Absolut
(H , Hb , Ht appox 70% )
oameni,
oameni, cini,
cini, pisici,
pisici, cai,
cai, bovine
25
Policitemia vera
Hipoxie renal
Tumori renale (secretore de EPO)
Sindrom praneoplazic
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Leucocitele
26
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Leucocitele
27
http://wapedia.mobi/en/File:Hematopoiesis_simple.svg
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Leucocitele
Diagnosticul diferenial al strilor de leucocitoz
28
Thrall AM and colab., 2006, Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Blackweell Publishing, Oxford UK
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Leucocitele
Diagnosticul diferenial al strilor de leucocitoz
left shift
Leucocite
Limfocite
Rspuns inflamator
Excitement response
(sau normal)
no left shift
Limfocite
Eozinofile
29
Rspuns cortizolic
Publishing, Oxford UK
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Leucocitele
Diagnosticul diferenial al strilor de leucopenie
30
Thrall AM and colab., 2006, Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Blackweell Publishing, Oxford UK
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Leucocitele
Diagnosticul diferenial al strilor de leucopenie
H ( reticulocite), plachete
Hipersplenism
left shift
Leucocite
H normal
normal H+ plachete
Rspuns inflamator
Leziuni tranzitorii medulare
no left shift
H ( reticulocite), plachete
31
Publishing, Oxford UK
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
32
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Limfomul
tumor malign solid cu origine n organele limfoide (splina,
timusul, structur limfoide diseminate) "Limfosarcom", sau "limfom malign",
Limfomul este clasificat n funcie de distribuie anatomice,
model histologic, morfologia celular, i expresia markerilor de
difereniere (CD)
33
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Limfomul
Clasificarea n funcie de distribuia anatomic:
- Limfom multicentric - ganglioni limfatici si organe
interne (splin si ficat)
- Limfom digestiv - tractul gastro-intestinal si a
nodulilor limfatici afereni
- Limfom mediastinal - timusul i limfonodulii
mediastinali.
- Limfom cutanat - afecteaz zone de piele izolate
sau poate fi generalizat, care implic epiteliul sau
derm i ganglionii limfatici afereni.
34
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
35
http://www.fmv.utl.pt/atlas/digest/pages_us/digest065_ing.htm
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Limfomul
Caini, pisici i dihori
In vaci - BLV
Limfomul canin este, de obicei, multicentrice.
Caracteristica clinic - mrirea ganglionilor limfatici, i organe interne.
Biochimie - hipercalcemie (sindrom paraneoplazic)
36
Sevastre B.
37
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
38
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Mielom multiplu
Proliferare clonal n mduva osoas a plasmocitelor acompaniat de
gamopatie monoclonal
-
39
hiperproteinemie,
hiperglobulinemie,
electroforez caracteristic - spike
Proteine anormale paraproteine
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
40
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
41
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
42
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
43
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
44
http://hantschelhttp://hantschel-lab.epfl.ch/pagelab.epfl.ch/page-5938659386-en.html
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
- Sindroame hipereozinofilice
45
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/crihem/2013/458303/fig1/
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
46
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
47
http://imagebank.hematology.org/AssetDetail.aspx?AssetID=1222&AssetType=Image
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Hemostaza
1. Hemostaza primar
3. Hemostaza definitiv
48
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
49
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
XII
XIIa
XI
Cristmas
Hageman
XIa
C.Int.
vit K
C.Ext.
VI nu exista
IV
IX
Ca2+
IXa
III Tromboplastin
Hem B
IV Ca2+
IV Ca2+
Antihemofilic
VIII
Stuart Power
VIIIa Hem A
X
VIIa
VII
Xa
Proconvertin
C.Com.
XIII
Proaccelerina (Leiden)
Va
IV
Antitrombina
50
Heparina
Protrombina
f. stab fibrinei
Ca2+
II
Fibrinogen
XIIIa
IIa
I
Ia
Fibrin. mono.
Ia
Fibrin. poli.
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Patologia hemostazei
51
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinolysis
http://www.vet.uga.edu/ivcvm/courses/VPAT5200/01_circulation/hemostasis/hemostasis06.html
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Purpura Nontrombocitopenic
Semne Anatomo-clinice
-De obicei nu cauzeaz probleme de sngerare
serioase (peteii i purpura)
- frecvent - piele / mucoase (gingival)
- rar - articulaii, muchi localizare subperiostal,
hemoragii gastrointestinale, sau hematurie
Determinri de laborator
- nr. de plachete , timp de sngerare, PT, APTT normal
Etiologie
- depozitarea de complexe imune in pereii vasculari, ce duce la
52
hipersensibilitate vasculit
- sindrom Ehlers-Danlos i scorbut (primate i cobai)- se asociaz cu sngerri
microvasculare, ce rezult din defecte de colagen care slbesc peretele
vascular.
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Trombocitopenia
Purpura Trombocitopenic,
Semne Anatomo-clinice
Determinri de laborator
plachete
timpul de sngerare
PT i APTT normal
53
http://healthfixit.com/petechiae-petechia-pictures-causesdiagnosis-treatment/
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Purpura Trombocitopenic,
Etiologie
- producia de plachete
Medicamente (toxicitatea estrogenilor la cini i dihori), toxine
(stahibotriotoxicoz), ageni infecioi (Ehrlichia canis ), mieloftizie, etc.
- distrucie plachetar- trombocitopenia imun (trombocitopenia
idiopatic ) (cini i cai)
- consum de plachete
- Coagulare intravascular diseminat (CID)
- Hemoragii (nu mai puin de 100,000/ L)
- Sechestrare (hipersplenism), hemangiosarcom la cini.
- Diluie dup transfuzii
54
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Trombocitastenii
Determinri de laborator
- nr. de plachete normal
- timp de sngerare,
- PT- normal , APTT normal (normal sau in vWD)
Etiologie
Defecte ctigate.
- doze mari de antiinflamatoare nonsteroide
- paraproteine in mielom multiplu
- anticorpi anti-plachetari
55
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Trombocitastenii
Etiologie
Defecte plachetare ereditare
boala von Willebrand (vWD)
- deficit de factor von Willebrand (vWF),
autosomal recesiv
vWF celule endoteliale /
plasma n legtur cu factorul VIII.
necesar pentru adeziunea plachetelor la
colagen i formarea trombului plachetar
56
- cini (Welsh corgi, Pinscher, Ciobnesc german, Golden retriever, Poodle, Pointer,
Scottish terrier, etc).
- iepuri, pisici, cai i suine.
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Semne Anatomo-clinice
- echimoze sau hematoame mari post traumatic,
- sngerri prelungite dup o ran sau procedur chirurgical
- sngerare n tractul gastro-intestinal i ale cilor urinare, n special n
articulaii (hemartroz),
Determinri de laborator
- plachete nr. normal,
- timpul de sngerare normal,
- PT, APTT (cu excepii!!!!)
57
Freire et al. 2009 Acquired hemophilia associated with rheumatoid arthritis Rev. Bras. Reumatol. 49(3) 23-9
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
58
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
59
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
60
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
61
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
62
Kerr and colab., 1989 Veterinary Laboratory Medicine 2nd Edition, Blackweell Science, 1989
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Diagnostic diferenial
Criterii anatomo-clinice
Hemostaza primar
peteii i purpura
Hemostaza secundar
echimoze sau hematoame
sngerri prelungite dup o ran sau procedur
chirurgical
63
Sevastre B.
Patologia hemostazei
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Diagnostic diferenial
Criterii paraclinice
trombocite N, timp sngerareN
sngerareN,
Hemostaza
primar
APTT - N,
PT - N
PT , APTT N/ mid/ ,
Hemostaza
secundar
64
trombocite - N,
timp sngerare - N
PT , APTT N,
Anomalii n peretele
vascular
Tromboci
Trombocitopenie
topenie
Func
Funcia plachetar deficitar
Deficit de Vit K
PT , APTT ,
Insuficien
Insuficien hepatichepaticincipient
Amil
oidoz
z,, Insuf.
Amiloido
Insuf. hepatic
hepatic
PT N, APTT ,
Hemof
Hemofilia A/B
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Patologia hemostazei
Coagularea intravascular diseminat (CID)
65
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Patologia hemostazei
Coagularea intravascular diseminat (CID)
Mecanism
activare patologic a cii intrinseci (1) / extrinseci (2) de coagulare
(1) Substane tromboplastice
(2) Leziuni endoteliale expunerea matricei subendoteliale activarea
trombocitelor coagulare
Patogenez
1. Etapa de hipercoagulabilitate - depunerea pe scar larg de fibrin n
microcirculatie ischemie i anemie hemolitic microangiopatic,
fragmentarea eritrocitelor
2. Etapa de Hipocoagulabilitate - trombocite i fact. de coagulare+ activarea
plasminogenului diatez hemoragic
66
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Patologia hemostazei
Coagularea intravasculara diseminata (CID)
67
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Transfuzia de snge
Grupe sanguine
Cine
- Sistemul DEA (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen )
- 8 grupe standard: DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2, DEA 3-7
- grupe cu importan clinic DEA 1.1 si DEA 1.2 (aprox. 60% din populaia
canin).
68
Transfuzia de snge
Grupe sanguine
Grupa
DEA
Semnificaia transfuzional
Nu
1.2
Nu
DA
Nu
DA
DA
1.1
69
http://k9bloodbank.com/faq.html#faq3, 11.05.2015
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Transfuzia de snge
Grupe sanguine
70
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Transfuzia de snge
Grupe sanguine
71
Sevastre B.
Transfuzia de snge
72
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Produse sanguine
4 C
Concentrat
eritrocitar
Plasm
proaspt
< 20 C aprox 1 an
Plasm proaspt
congelat
7 min 5000 rpm
4 C
Crioprecipitat
Criosupernatant
Snge
integral
5 min
5000 rpm
4 C
Plasm
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Transfuzia de snge
Produse sanguine
74
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Transfuzia de snge
75
Condition or Indication
Product
of First Choice
Product
of Second Choice
Anemia
Concentrat eritrocitar
Snge integral
Intoxicaii cu antivitamina
K
Plasm congelat
Pierderi de snge
Concentrat eritrocitar
Snge integral
CID
Crioprecipitat
Crioprecipitat
Plasm
Deficit de Factor X
Plasm
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Transfuzia de snge
76
Condition or Indication
Product
of First Choice
Product
of Second Choice
Hemofilia B
Plasm congelat
Hemofilia A
Crioprecipitat
Hemoragii masive
Hipoproteinemia
Soluii coloidale
Plasm
Infece cu Parvovirus
Plasm
Deficit de Protrombin
Crioprecipitate
Sepsis
Criosupernatant
Plasma
Plasm
http://k9bloodbank.com/faq.html#faq3, 11.05.2015
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Transfuzia de snge
Alegerea Donatorului
77
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Transfuzia de snge
Anticoagulani
CPDA1
-Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine
-Se stocheaz sngele timp de 35 zile
ACD
-Acid-citrate-dextrose
-Se stocheaz sngele timp de 21 zile
1 ml de anticoagulant la 7 ml snge.
Heparin
- activeaz plachetele, nu se recomand
-625 U per 50 ml de snge
-sngele trebuie folosit imediat
To preserve platelets, blood should be collected in latex free plastic bags.
78
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Sevastre B.
Transfuzia de snge
Administrare
-170 m filter
- 37 C la temperatur mai crescut- se lizeaz eritrocitele
se inactiveaz factorii de coagulare
- 10 ml/kg pe or
- 20-25 ml/kg pe or n situaii de ugen (hipovolemie)
79
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Transfuzia de snge
Administrare
Admistrare de plasm
-n caz de hipoalbuminemie
45ml/kg crete albuminemia cu 1g/dl
80
HCT donator
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Transfuzia de snge
Administrare
81
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Transfuzia de snge
Posibile reacii post transfuzionale
Acute:
- hemoliz intravascular
hemoglobinemie, hemoglobinurie
- eliberarea substanelor tromboplastice
CID
-hipotensiune, oc
ntrziate:
- hemoliz (Hct dup 2 zile- 2 sptmni post-transfuzie)
ex. la cini cu transfuzii anterioare, cu titru sczut de anticorpi, ce nu se
evideniaz la testul cross-match
82
Sevastre B.
Hematologie veterina
veterinara
Bibliografie
83
Estridge BH, Reynolds AP, Walters NJ, 2000, Basic Medical Laboratory Technicques 4th
Edition, Thomson Learning, London UK
Jackson MJ, 2007, Veterinary Clinical Pathology an Introduction, Blackweell Publishing,
Oxford UK
Keer,
Keer, 2002, Veterinary Laboratory Medicine Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology 2nd
Edition, Blackweell Science Ltd, Oxford UK.
Kerr and colab.,
colab., 1989 Veterinary Laboratory Medicine 2nd Edition, Blackweell Science, 1989
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC, 2010, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of
Disease 8th Edition, Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
USA.
Latimer K.S. 2011, Duncan and Prasse
Prasses veterinary laboratory medicine: Clinical Pathology
5th Edition, WileyWiley-Blackwell, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Rapaport S, 1987 Introduction to hematology - 2nd Edition, J.P. Lippincott
Rosenfeld AJ, SM Dial, 2010, Clinical Pathology for the Veterinary
Veterinary Team, WileyWiley-Blackwell,
Ames, Iowa, USA
Stockham SL, MA Scott, 2002, Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Pathology 2nd Edition,
Blackweell Publishing, Oxford UK
Thrall AM and colab.,
colab., 2006, Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Blackweell
Publishing, Oxford UK
Weiss DJ, KJ Wardrop KJ, 2010, Schalm
Schalms Veterinary Hematology 6th Edition, Blackweell
Publishing, Oxford UK