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Pașcalău Sorana-Maria
Coordonator: Prof. Dr. Zdrenghea Dumitru Medic Rezident Cardiologie anul I
Anamneza
Date generale B.I., 47 ani
Motivele internarii • Investigarea unei cardiomiopatii dilatative recent
diagnosticate
• Scaderea toleranței la eforturi moderate
• Dispnee inspiratorie la eforturi moderate
Consult Cardiologic:
Consult pneumologic: • VS dilatat (60/51mm)
Suspiciune de astm bronșic • FE 25%
• IMi funcțională gr II
Cardiomiopatie dilatativă
Examenul obiectiv
General:
Obezitate gr I (IMC= 33.3 kg/m2)
Cardiac:
• Zgomote cardiace ritmice fără sufluri
• TA= 100/70 mmHg, AV=98 bpm, SaO2= 97 % aerul atmosferic
• pulsuri palpabile până în distalitate
Fig nr 1: EKG repaus : RS, AV=98 bpm, ax QRS -450, HBAS, T negative V3-V5
Analize de laborator
Nr. hematii 5.59 *1012 /l Glicemie 89 mg/dl
Hemoglobină 17 g/dl Colesterol total 179 mg/dl
Hematocrit 48.6 % HDL colesterol 31 mg/dl
VEM 86.9 fL LDL cholesterol 119 mg/dl
HEM 30.4 pg Trigliceride 171 mg/dl
CHEM 35 g/dl
Calciu total 9.09 mg/dl
Sodiu 142 mmol/l
Nr. Trombocite 216 *109/l Potasiu 4.41 mmol/l
Pro BNP 300 pg/ml
Nr. Leucocite 5.84* 109 /l
Neutrofile % 55,1 % Creatinina (eRFG) 1,00 mg/dl (88,63ml/min/1.73 m2)
Monocite % 12% Uree 39 mg/dl
Limfocite % 31.5 % Acid uric 9.59 mg/dl
Eozinofile % 0.9%
Bazofile % 0.5% ALAT 61U/L
ASAT 28 U/L
Ecocardiografie
Fig nr 2. Ecocord: secțiune parasternal ax lung Fig nr 3. Ecocord (Doppler color): secțiune parasternal ax lung
• Ao inel=18mm
• Ao sinusuri= 28 mm
• AS=40 mm
• SIV=9-10 mm, PP= 9 mm; VS= 64/53 mm; FE=20% (GLS=-4%)
• E=10 m/s, A=3m/s; E/A>2
• IM gr II
• Vao tricuspa nestenotică, vmax=0.9 m/s, Gmax =4 mmHg
• VD= 45 mm; TAPSE=26mm; Gr VD-AD=40 mmHg;
• IT gr II excentrică
Fig nr 4. Ecocord: secțiune parasternal ax scurt • VCI=22mm, colaps inspirator>50%; PAPS= 55mmHg
Ecocardiografie
Fig nr 5. Ecocord: secțiune apical 4 camere Fig nr 6. Analiza strain VS. FE = ̴20%, GLS=-4%
Concluzie:
• VS ușor dilatat cu FE sever depreciată
• Disfuncție diastolică gr III tip restrictiv
• VD usor dilatat, eficient
• IM gr II
• IT gr II excentrică
• HTP moderată
Monitorizare Holter EKG/24h
Fig. Nr 7: Holter EKG- Interpretare: Pe fond de RS, cu AV max=123 bpm, AV min=62 bpm, AV med=83 bpm – episod de tahicardie
atriala
Cardiomiopatia dilatativă
Dilatarea VS / VS+VD
Disfuncție sistolică
Absența:
• bolii arteriale aterosclerotice
• valvulopatiilor
• afecțiunilor congenitale
Pinto, Yigal M., et al. "Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: a position statement of the ESC
working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases." European heart journal 37.23 (2016): 1850-1858.
Cardiomiopatia dilatativă- coronarografie
Caforio, Alida LP, et al. "Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of
Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases." European heart journal 34.33 (2013): 2636-2648.
Miocardita-criterii diagnostic
Simptomatic:
>1 criteriu clinic +
>1 criteriu diagnostic
Asimptomatic:
>2 criterii
Caforio, Alida LP, et al. "Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and
Pericardial Diseases." European heart journal 34.33 (2013): 2636-2648.
Miocardita – RMN cardiac
UK, Nawwar Al-Attar, et al. "2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure." European Heart Journal 37 (2016): 2129-2200 .
Miocardita – RMN cardiac
Miocardita – RMN cardiac
Fig nr 10: RMN cardiac: secvență T1 (LGE) –secțiune: apical 2 Fig nr 11: RMN cardiac: secvență T2(LGE)
camere secțiune –ax scurt
Miocardita – RMN cardiac
Fig nr 12: RMN cardiac: secvență T1(EGE) –secțiune: apical 2 Fig nr 13: RMN cardiac: secvență T1(EGE) –secțiune:
camere apical 4 camere
Diagnostic de certitudine: Biopsia endo-miocardică
Bozkurt, Biykem, et al. "Current diagnostic and treatment strategies for specific dilated cardiomyopathies: a scientific statement from the American
Heart Association." Circulation 134.23 (2016): e579-e646.
Diagnostic final
• Miocardita de etiologie posibil virală
• Cardiomiopatie dilatativă
• Obezitate gradul I
Tratament
Obiectivele Tratamentului
Authors/Task Force Members, et al. "ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the
ESC." European heart journal 33.14 (2012): 1787-1847.
Tratamentul farmacologic
Authors/Task Force Members, et al. "ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the
ESC." European heart journal 33.14 (2012): 1787-1847.
Tratamentul farmacologic
• SPIRONOLACTONA 25 mg 1-1-0
• FUROSEMID 40 mg 1-0-0
• IVABRADINA 5 mg 1-0-1
Particularitatea cazului
Infecție acută de căi Simptome de Modificări eco-
respiratorii superioare insuficiență cardiacă cardiografice