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1. Polineuropatii simetrice
a). PNP simetrica distala senzitiva / vegetativa
b). PNP acuta dureroasa
c). PNP vegetativa
d). Neuropatiile motorii proximale si distale
simetrice
a) de fibre mici
- ROT achiliene abolite, rotuliene pastrate
- cazuri severe: tulb. sensibilitate → extensie MS,
trunchi
- asociere frecventa: neuropatia vegetativa
- tulburari trofice ( → “ piciorul diabetic” )
a) Oftalmoplegia diabetica:
- de obicei n. oculomotor comun ( cu pastrarea
RFM ! )
- mai rar: n. abducens
b) RADICULOPATIILE
► dureroase, mai frecvent lombare ( nespecifice DZ )
- scaderea fortei & amiotrofii in centura pelvina si
coapsa
- ROT rotuliene absente
- mec. vasculitic
- dg. diferential: HDL, hematom retroperitoneal,
carcinomatoza meningee,
sarcoidoza, infiltrare neoplazica
► radiculopatia toraco-abdominala
- dureri severe si disestezie importanta cu
distributie
distala ( model “ in picatura “ )
4. NEUROPATIA VEGETATIVA
- invalidanta, amenintatoare de viata !
* disfunctie pupilara
* alterarea sudoratiei: anhidroza / hiperhidroza
asimetrica
* alterarea reflexelor vasculare:
- distanta RR
- hTA posturala
* diaree nocturna
* gastropareza si atonie gastro-intestinala
* dilatatie vezicala
* disfunctie sexuala
* lipsa semnelor de alarma la hipoglicemie
- CIDP
- gamapatii monoclonale / MGUS
- anticorpi circulanti anti GM1 si anticorpi antineuronali
- vasculite inflamatorii
CORELATIE CU:
Hiperglicemia
Hiperglicemia lezeaza
lezeaza celulele
celulele vasculare
vasculare
prin
prin activarea
activarea aa cel
cel putin
putin 44 cai
cai
metabolice:
metabolice:
•• sinteza
sintezade
denovo
novoaa protein
proteinkinasei
kinasei CC(PKC)
(PKC)
•• calea
caleahexozaminelor
hexozaminelor
•• productia
productiacrescuta
crescutade
de produsi
produsi de
deglicozilare
glicozilareavansata
avansata
(AGE)
(AGE)
•• stimularea
stimulareacaii
caii aldozo-reductazei
aldozo-reductazei si
si poliolilor
poliolilor
FIZIOPATOLOGIA NEUROPATIILOR
DIABETICE
HIPERGLICEMIA:
- durata si severitatea H-gly se coreleaza cu
severitatea NeD
TULB. METABOLICE
AUTOIMUNITATE TULBURARI
hiperglicemie
hipoinsulinemie MICROCIRCULATORII
anomalii fact.crestere
dislipidemie
act. ALDOZOREDUCTAZEI
glicozilare non- POLIOLI activitatea DAG si PKC
enzimatica : MIOINOZITOL
cresc AGE Na/K ATP - aza
DISFUNCTIE
STRESS OXIDATIV ENDOTELIALA
ROS, ↑ NO PGI2 /NO, ET
NFK B
citokine/integrine
DISFUNCTIE DE NERV
distructie antigenica
LEZIUNI NERVOASE
STRUCTURALE/ORGANICE
axonopatie, demielinizare
REGENERARE NERVOASA SI
RESTAURAREA FUNCTIEI
NERVOASE
Hyperglycaemia
Polyol Protein
pathway glycation
Glucose autoxidation
O2 / NO Heparan
– NO-dependent sulphate
vasodilatation
Ca2+i LDL oxidation
VSMC
proliferation – Hemorheologic – NCV
alterations – Endoneural
– Congulation activation
– Hypoxia blood flow
DIABET ZAHARAT
IMUNOSUPRESOARE: in vasculita
Design: In a 6-week open clinical trial, 36 patients with DM and PNP were
divided into 3 groups and given:
1. a benfotiamine-vitamin B combination in high doses (320 mg
BT/day) 2. or medium doses (120 mg BT/day)
3. or benfotiamine alone (150 mg benfotiamine/day) for 6 weeks.
HDC- NRW
Ruhr- University of Bochum, Germany
AFECTIUNI NEUROLOGICE INSOTITE DE DURERI NEUROPATICE
insomnie
fatigabilitate
ameteli
tulb. concentrare
depresie
anxietate
inapetenta
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
% pacienti du durere moderata/severa (n=126)
- ANTIDEPRESIVE TRICICLICE
- OPIOIDE ORALE