Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
OLIGO- i POLIZAHARIDE
1. Dizaharidele.
Dizaharidele reductoare.
Legtura glicozidic (1-4)
-Maltoza.
CH2OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
H
OH
HO
O
H
OH
H
OH
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
O H
OH
H
H
O
H
H
OH
H
OH
H C H
O
HO
CH2OH
CH2OH
O H
O H
H
H
H
H
OH
H
OH
H
O
HO
OH
H
OH
OH
OH
Forma ciclic
CH2OH
H
OH
CH2OH
HO
H
H
OH
H
OH
- Maltoza
O
H
OH
Forma-oxo
CH2OH
OH
H
OH
H
+2H2O
H+
H
OH
HO
OH
H
OH
-D-Glucopiranoza
Celobioza
-(1-4)
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
H
O
H
HO
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
H
OH
OH
(- -D- Glucopiranozil-1,4-glucopiranoza
H
+2H2O
H+
H
OH
OH
HO
H
H
OH
-D- Glucopiranoza
-(1-4)
CH2OH
O
HO
H
O
OH
H
H
H
Lactoza
CH2OH
O H
H
H
OH
H
OH
OH
OH
--D-Galactopiranozil1,4--D-glucopiranoza
CH2OH
O
HO
H
OH
O H
H
O
H
OH
H
H
CH2OH
CH2OH
OH
Lactoza
H
OH
OH
O OH
HO
+H2O
H+
CH2OH
H
OH
H
H
H
OH
-D-Galactopiranoza
O H
H
H
O
H
OH
H
OH
OH
-D-Glucopiranoza
CH2OH
O H
H
H
OH
H 1
HO
O
H
OH
HOCH2 O
H
OH
CH2OH
HOCH2 O OH
O H
H
H2O, (H+)
H
+
H HO
CH2OH
OH
H
H
HO
OH
OH H
H
OH
HO
CH2OH
H
- -D-Glucopiranozil1,2--D-fructofuranozid
-D-Glucopiranoza
-D-Fructofuranoza
CH2OH
O H
H
H
OH
O H
H
H
OH
H
O
HO
H
OH
+ CH3OH
H+
OH
H
OH
Maltoza
CH2OH
CH2OH
O H
O H
H
H
H
H
OH H
OH H
O
HO
OCH3
H
OH
OH
-Metilmaltozid
H2O
CH2OH
O H
H
H
OH
O H
H
H
OH
H
O
HO
H
OH
CH2OH
H2O,H+
OCH3
H
-Metilmaltozida
OH
O H
H
H
2
OH
HO
H
+ CH3OH
H
OH
OH
-D-Glucopiranoza
H
H
OH
CH2OCH3
CH2OH
H
H
H
OH
H
O
HO
H
NaOH
Maltoza
OCH3
H
OCH3
OCH3
Octametilmaltozida
CH2OCH3
H2O,H+
H
OCH3 H
O
H
OH
CH3 O
OH
OH
H
OCH3 H
CH3I
CH2OCH3
H
H
OCH3
CH3 O
CH2OCH3
H
OH
H
OCH3
2,3,4,6-tetrametil,D-glucopiranoza
H
OCH3 H
+
OH
OH
H
OCH3
2,3,6-trimetil,D-glucopiranoza
CH3OH
Conformaia dizaharidelor
HO
OH
CH2OH
O
OH
HO
HO
OH
Maltoza
O
a
CH2OH
Oe
HO
CH2OH
OH
O
HO
O
O
OH
Celobioza
OH
e Oe
CH2OH
2. Polizaharidele
Amidonul (20% Amiloz i 80% Amilopectin)
Legturi glicozidice (1-4)
CH2OH
CH2OH
H
H
OH
O H
H
H
OH
H
OH
H
OH
OH
O H
H
H
OH
O
H
CH2OH
O
H
CH2OH
O
H
OH
Un fragment al macromoleculei de
O
H
amiloz
OH
(1-4)
(1-4)
CH2OH
CH2OH
O H
H
H
OH
H
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
H
OH
H
OH
OH
CH2OH
O H
H
OH
OH
-(1-6)
O H
H
H
OH
O
CH2
O
H
OH
CH2OH
H
OH
O
OH
CH2OH
O H
O
H
OH
O
H
OH
n H2O
H+
n C6H12O6
-D-Glucoza
Amidon
Glicogenul
CH2OH
(6105)n
+ H3PO4
O H
Fosforilaza
H
OH
(6105 )n-1 +
H
OPO3H2
HO
H
OH
1-Fosfat de glucoz
Celuloza
(1-4)
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
H
(1-4)
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
H
H
H
OH
(1-4)
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
H
H
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH
H
H
H
OH
O
H
OH
Dextranii
(1-6)CH2
CH2
O
H
H
OH
(1-6)-
O H
HO
H
OH
(1-6)CH2
CH2
O H
O H
H
O
H
OH
O H
HO
H
OH
OH
H
OH
CH2
O H
OH
OH
O
O
HO
H
OH
HO
CH2
H
O H
H
OH
OH
(1-4)
HO
H
OH
3. Heteropolizahatidele
Acidul hialuronic
COOH
H
H
OH
H
(1-4)
CH2OH
COOH
(1-3
(1-3) CH2OH
O
O
O
O
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
O
1
1
4 OH
1
1
H
H
H
H
H
H
HO 3
H
HO 3
H
O
O
OH
H
NHCOCH3
H
OH
H
NHCOCH3
Fragment dizaharidic
Fragment dizaharidic
Hondroitin-4-sulfat
COOH
H
H
OH
H
(1-4)
CH
OH
2
HO3S
O
O
O
H
H
O
1
1
4
H
H
H
H 3
H
O
OH
H
NHCOCH3
(1-3
COOH
HO3S
O
O
H
OH
H
H 1
H
CH2OH
O
H
OH
3
H
(1-3)
O
1
H
H
NHCOCH3
Heparina
(1-4)
(1-4)
(1-4)
CH2OSO3H
COOH
CH2OSO3H
O
O H
O
O H
H
H
H
H
COOH
O
H
H
O
H
4 OH H 1
4 OH
4 OH H 1
OH H 1
H 1
O
H
O
H
H
OSO3H
NHSO3H
Fragment dizaharidic
OH
NHCOCH3
Fragment dizaharidic