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LUPICE
MEDIC REZIDENT: MARIA-SILVIANA BIJA
INDRUMATOR: DR. DIANA MAZILU
Generalitati
Tablou clinic
• polimorf
• afectare multiorganică
• evoluție ondulantă perioade de exacerbări și remisiuni
• variaza de la forme clinice fără risc vital (afectarea cutanată/ articulară) – până la forme cu poten țial sever (afectare
renală sau neurologică)
Ionescu R. et al. Lupus Eritematos Sistemic. Reumatologie Curs universitar.Ed univ. Carol Davila (2017 )
Generalitati
Nefrita Lupica
• 40-70% dintre bolnavii cu LES
• apare de multe ori in stadii incipiente ale bolii
• una dintre cele mai severe afectiuni de organ in LES
• factor de prognostic negativ
• 10% dintre NL BCR
Mircescu G. et al. Nefrita lupica. Manual de Nefrologie. Ed. Univ. Carol Davila
Etiopatogenie LES si NL
Mircescu G. et al. Nefrita lupica. Manual de Nefrologie. Ed. Univ. Carol Davila (2020)
Leziuni histologice si manifestari clinice
BIOPSIE RENALA
Nefrita lupica
Mircescu G. et al. Nefrita lupica. Manual de Nefrologie. Ed. Univ. Carol Davila (2020)
DIAGNOSTIC POZITIV NL
BIOPSIE RENALA!!!
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis 2019.
Hahn BH, mcmahon MA, wilkinson A et al. American college of rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis. Arthritis care res (hoboken) 2012;
Tratament nefrita lupica
Nefrita lupica cls II:
nu necesita tratament specific
Stabilizarea functiei renale imunosupresoare
se poate lua in considerare- daca apar
modificari histologice/agravarea bolii la
proteinuriei >=25% la 3 luni repetarea biopsiei
proteinurie prezenta- impune biopsie
renala pentru decelarea modificarilor
proliferative
proteinuriei >=50 % la 6 luni (rasp clinic partial)
Nefrita lupica III/IV ac +/- leziuni de
cronicitate
tratament imunosupresor
Proteinurie < 0.5-0.7g/24h la 12 luni (raspuns clinic complet)
Nefrita lupica clasa V pura
tratament imunosupresor pt pacientii
! Pacientii cu proteinurie de rang nefrotic initial 6-12 luni cu proteinurie de rang nefrotic (se
in plus pentru a atinge raspunsul clinic complet nu este
asociaza cu prognostic negativ) sau
necesar switchul terapeutic imediat, in cazul in care
proteinuria scade cand persista proteinurie>1g/24h in
ciuda tratamentului cu IECA de minim
3 luni
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis 2019.
Nefrita lupica clasa III-IV
INDUCTIE
1st: MMF/MPA (mai eficient la populatia afro-americana)-2-3g/zi
sau Cel mai bun profil de eficacitate si siguranta
CyC doza mica (500mg iv/2sapt timp de 3 luni)
CyC doza mare (iv 0.5-0.75 g/m2/luna timp de 6 luni) alternativa terapeutica pentru pacientii cu factori de
prognostic negativ clinici (sediment urinar nefritic, afectarea functiei renale- RFG 25-80 ml/min/1.73m2) sau
histologici (semiluni sau necroza >25% glomeruli)
CNI (TAC/CsA) +/- MMF 1-2g/zi (superior CyC pe termen scurt) - pacientii cu proteinurie de rang nefrotic (nu
reprezinta tratament de prima linie- nefrotoxicitate/efecte adverse)
Ex: Volclosporina+ MMF- rata mai mare de raspuns complet la 6 luni comparativ cu MMF in monoterapie
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum
dis 2019.
Aura LV-studiu de faza 2
https://ir.auriniapharma.com/press-eleases/detail/220/aurinia-announces-
publication-of-aurora-1-phase-3-study
Nefrita lupica clasa V
INDUCTIE
1st: MMF (2-3g/zi)/MPA + Metiprednisolon pulsterapie (doza totala 500-2500mg- in functie de
gradul de severitate), urmat de tratament cu Prednison oral (20 mg/zi cu tappering pana la
<=5mg/zi la 3 luni)
Alternativ: CyC sau CNI (TAC), in monoterapie sau in asociere cu MMF (pacienti cu proteinurie de rang
nefrotic)
Non-responder: RTX- mai eficient pe termen scurt comparativ cu Ciclosporina
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis 2019.
Terapia de mentinere
INDUCTIE: MMF/MPA TERAPIE MENTINERE MMF (1-2g/zi)/MPA
INDUCTIE: CyC MENTINERE: MMF (1-2g/zi)/AZA 2mg/kg/zi (preferata in caz de sarcina/cost crescut al MMF)
FLARE
• 5-6 ani de la initierea tratamentului
!! Nu se recomanda intreruperea tratamentului inainte de acest termen
• Scaderea treptata a tratamentului imunosupresor- pacienti cu raspuns renal complet
sustinut tappering
tappering GC tratament
imunosupreso
r
! durata mai lunga de tratament/durata mai lunga a remisiunii risc redus de flare renal la
pacientii cu tappering dupa 6 ani de tratament imunosupresor-
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis
NL non responsiva/refractara
RITUXIMAB 1g Z 0,14 (off-label)- monoterapie sau asociat la MMF/CyC –recaderi posibile, dar la distanta
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis
NL non responsiva/refractara
NL non responsiva/refractara
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis
NL non responsiva/refractara
Ig iv in doza mare (2g/kg)- se pot folosi in cazurile in care exista CI de crestere a dozelor de cortizon sau a
medicatiei imunosupresoare (infectii)
eficienta si sigura
optiune terapeutica pt formele severe de LES,
inclusiv NL rezistenta la terapii conventionale si
RTX
permite controlul activitatii bolii/ scade efectul
Repetarea biopsiei renale
exacerbarilor
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis 2019.
Alti agenti anti CD 20
Ocrelizumab (Ac monoclonal uman anti CD20)- Epratuzumab (Ac monoclonal anti CD22)-studiu oprit
studiu oprit
Nefrita lupica clasa III-IV
1st
1st
500-750mg/m2/luna
EULAR
Hahn BH, mcmahon MA, wilkinson A et al. American college of rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis. Arthritis care res (hoboken) 2012
Nefrita lupica clasa V fara modificari proliferative si proteinurie de rang
nefrotic
Hahn BH, mcmahon MA, wilkinson A et al. American college of rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis. Arthritis care res (hoboken) 2012
Terapie adjuvanta
IECA/BRA- toti pacientii cu raport proteine/creatinina urinara>500mg/g sau HTA (cu exceptia gravidelor)
- efect antiproteinuric si antihipertensiv
-TA tinta-valori <130/80 mmHg
-este preferat fata de alte tehnici de substitutie renala, in momentul in care lupusul extrarenal este
clinic (ideal si serologic) inactiv de minim 6 luni
-dozare ac anti fosfolipidici (risc mare de evenimente vasculare pe rinichiul transplantat)
-nu trebuie amanat
-poate fi efectuat in conditii de siguranta chiar si in prezenta unei activitati serologice izolate
-NL recurenta pe un rinichi transplantat este rareori clinic semnificativa
-pacientii transplantati cu NL sunt predispusi la infectii oportuniste din cauza expunerii anterioare la
medicamente
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis 2019.
SAFL SI NL
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association
(EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis 2019.
NL si sarcina
Sarcina permisa- paciente stabile clinic + NL inactiva (optim raport
prot/creat urinara < 500 mg/g in ultimele 6 luni + RFG> 50ml/min)
Nu s-au modificat recomandarile din 2012 pentru NL in sarcina astfel:
Boala renala controlata (raport prot/creat urinara <500mg/g in absenta
tratamentului cu IECA- CI in primul trimestru de sarcina din cauza
teratogenicitatii).
HQ, GC, AZA si/sau CNI (TAC) se pot utiliza pe perioada sarcinii si a
lactatiei, in doze precaut alese
MMF/MPA-intrerupt cu minim 3-6 inaintea conceptiei-ofera posibilitatea
schimbarii tratamentului imunosupresor (cu observarea eficacitatii)
ASA- pe perioada sarcinii scade riscul de preeclampsie
Flare-urile severe pe perioada sarcinii, ce nu raspund la medicamente cu un
profil de siguranta acceptat- se ia in considerare fie intreruperea sarcini si/sau
fie utilizarea unui tratament embriotoxic-dupa realizarea balantei risc
beneficiu-de comun acord cu pacientul (ex. MPA)
Evaluare lunara
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis 2019.
NL clasa III, IV, V in sarcina
Hahn BH, mcmahon MA, wilkinson A et al. American college of rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis. Arthritis care res (hoboken) 2012
Managementul NL pediatrice
Fanouriakis A, kostopoulou M, cheema K et al. Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and european renal association–european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann rheum dis 2019.
Concluzii
- atitudine mai precauta legata de utilizarea CNI dn cauza toxicitatii renale in uz cronic la
populatiie non asiatice
- se recomanda doar la pacientii cu proteinurie de rang nefrotic sau cei care nu au raspuns la
terapia initiala
GC- pulsterapie, urmata de doze mici de GC oral zilnic