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Din punct de
• Sistemul de alunecare
vedere structural, • Sistemul de suport si stabilizare
sistemul/ansmablul • Sistemul trofic
articular este • Sistemul motor sau neuro-
format din
muscular
1. Dinu M. Antonescu – Patologia aparatului locomotor vol.I, Ed. Medicala, Buc 2018
SISTEMUL ARTICULAR
SISTEMUL DE
ALUNECARE
Tesut cartilaginos =
Membrana sinoviala
cartilajul articular
Suporta solicitarile
mecanice
Asigura lubrefierea
articulara
1. Dinu M. Antonescu – Patologia aparatului locomotor vol.I, Ed. Medicala, Buc 2018
2. https://www.teachpe.com/anatomy-physiology/structure-of-a-synovial-joint
SISTEMUL ARTICULAR
SISTEMUL DE
SUPORT SI
STABILIZARE
Asigura stabilizarea
pasiva
1. Dinu M. Antonescu – Patologia aparatului locomotor vol.I, Ed. Medicala, Buc 2018
2. https://www.teachpe.com/anatomy-physiology/structure-of-a-synovial-joint
SISTEMUL ARTICULAR
SISTEMUL TROFIC
Reprezentat de ramuri
ale axului vascular –
aport nutritional
1. Dinu M. Antonescu – Patologia aparatului locomotor vol.I, Ed. Medicala, Buc 2018
2. https://www.memorangapp.com/flashcards/58376/Lower+Limb/
SISTEMUL ARTICULAR
Gomfoze: localizate la
nivelul dintilor- alveolele
dentare
https://anatomie.romedic.ro/sistemul-articular
https://www.anatomystuff.co.uk/ligaments-of-the-join ts-anatomical-chart-styrene-plastic.html
Evaluare directa, subiectiva
BILANTUL ARTICULAR cu trasarea imaginara a
unui unghi de 90⸰, 45⸰,
180⸰
Masurarea unghiului de
miscare cu
GONIOMETRUL
Bilantul articular =
masurarea amplitudinii Modalitati de masurare a
miscarilor in articulatii, pe amplitudinii miscarilor
toate directiile de miscare Masuratori in timp cu
ajutorul pendulului/ a
distantei dintre doua
puncta si evaluare acestora
in timp
Executarea a doua
radiografii la nivelul
excursiilor maxime ale
unei miscari si masurarea
acesteia
T. Sbenghe – Kinetologie profilactica terapeutica si de recuperare, Ed. Medicala. Buc 1987
BILANTUL ARTICULAR
https://www.livescience.com/37009-human-body.html
BILANTUL ARTICULAR
CENTURA SCAPULO-HUMERALA
• Scapula
• Clavicula
• Manubriul sternal
• Articulatii:
• - scapulo-toracica
• - acromio-claviculara
• - sterno-claviculara
ARTICULATIA SC APULO-HUMERALA
2 articulatii false
MISCARILE UMARULUI
• Flexie
• Extensie
• Rotatie interna
• Rotatie externa
• Abductie
• Adductie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pjk_yW-JsU
GONIOMETRIA UMARULUI
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/shoulder-flex.shtml
GONIOMETRIA UMARULUI
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/shoulder-ext.shtml
GONIOMETRIA UMARULUI
ABDUCTIA
- 184° ± 7.0° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
-180° (American Medical Association)
180
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – paralel cu sternul 0
120
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu humerusul
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/shoulder-abdu.shtml
GONIOMETRIA UMARULUI
ROTATIA EXTERNA
- 104 ° + or - 8.5 ° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 90 ° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL 0
https://www.scranton.edu/academics/pcps/physicaltherapy/programs/dpt/dpt-information/Goniometry/sh-er.htm
GONIOMETRIA UMARULUI
ROTATIA INTERNA
- 69° ± 4.6° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
0
- 90° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat vertical in aer
85
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu ulna (procesul stiloid)
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/shoulder-medi-rot.shtml
ARTICULATIA COTULUI
COTUL
FLEXIA
- 141° ± 4.9° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 140° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu humerusul (centrul la procesul
acromionului)
140
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu radiusul (procesul stiloid)
0
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/elbow-flex.shtml
GONIOMETRIA COTULUI
EXTENSIA
- 0.3° ± 2.0° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 0.0° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu humerusul (centrul la procesul 0
acromionului)
0,3
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu radiusul (procesul stiloid)
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/elbow-ext.shtml
GONIOMETRIA RADIOCUBITALA
PRONATIA
- 75° ± 5.3° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 80° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – paralel cu humerusul
80
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu fata dorsala a radiusului
0
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/forearm-pron.shtml
GONIOMETRIA RADIOCUBITALA
SUPINATIA
- 81° ± 4.0° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 80° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – paralel cu humerusul
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu fata ventrala a radiusului 80
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/forearm-supi.shtml
GONIOMETRIA RADIOCUBITALA
FLEXIA
- 75° ± 6.6° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 60° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL 0
60
• bratul fix – aliniat cu ulna
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu metacarpianul 5
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/wrist-flex.shtml
GONIOMETRIA RADIOCUBITALA
EXTENSIA
- 74° ± 6.6° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 60° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu ulna
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu metacarpianul 5 60
0
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/upper/pages/wrist-ext.shtml
ARTICULATIA COXO-FEMURALA
ligamentum teres (al capului femural), inclus în cavitatea art., uneşte foseta capului
femural cu marginile incizurii acetabulare
SOLDUL
FLEXIA
- 121.0 ° + or - 6.4 ° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 100.0 ° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu mijlocul pelvisului
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu femurul (epicondilul lateral)
110 0
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/hip -flexion.shtml
GONIOMETRIA COXO-FEMURALA
EXTENSIA
- 12.0 ° + or - 5.4 ° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 30.0 ° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu mijlocul pelvisului
30 0
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu femurul (epicondilul lateral)
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/hip -ext.shtml
GONIOMETRIA COXO-FEMURALA
ABDUCTIA
- 41.0 ° + or - 6.0 ° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 40.0 ° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu linia ce uneste cele 2 spine iliace
0
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu femurul (centrul rotulei)
40
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/hip -abduction.shtml
GONIOMETRIA COXO-FEMURALA
ADDUCTIA
- 27.0 ° + or - 3.6 ° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 20.0 ° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu linia ce uneste cele 2 spine iliace
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu femurul (centrul rotulei)
20
0
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/hip -adduction.shtml
GONIOMETRIA COXO-FEMURALA
ROTATIA INTERNA
- 44.0 ° + or - 4.3 ° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 40.0 ° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat vertical in aer 40
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu creasta tibiala
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/hip -medial-inrot.shtml
GONIOMETRIA COXO-FEMURALA
ROTATIA EXTERNA
- 44.0 ° + or - 4.8 ° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 50.0 ° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL 40
• bratul fix – aliniat vertical in aer
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu creasta tibiala
0
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/hip -lateral-exrot.shtml
ARTICULATIA GENUNCHIULUI
FLEXIA
- 141 ° + or - 5.3 ° (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- 150 ° (American Medical Association)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu marele trohanter
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu maleola laterala
0 145
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/knee-flexion.shtml
ARTICULATIA GLEZNEI
Flexie = flexie
Poziţia de start = dorsală = Extensia = flexia
poziţia anatomică dorsiflexie = 20- plantară = 45˚
25˚
GONIOMETRIA GLEZNEI
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/ankle-plan.shtml
GONIOMETRIA GLEZNEI
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/ankle-dor.shtml
GONIOMETRIA GLEZNEI
INVERSIA
- Inversia = supinatia (45 °) + adductia (30 °) + extensia (20 °)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu mediana gambei
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu fata plantara a oaselor metatarsiene
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/midt-inv.shtml
GONIOMETRIA GLEZNEI
EVERSIA
- Inversia = pronatia (25 °) + abductia (30 °) + flexia (40 °)
GONIOMETRUL
• bratul fix – aliniat cu mediana gambei
• bratul mobil – aliniat cu fata plantara a oaselor metatarsiene
https://www.scranton.edu/faculty/kosmahl/courses/gonio/lower/pages/midt-evr.shtml
AFECTIUNILE ARTICULARE
Redorile
congenitale
interventie Leziunile aponevrotice: boala Dupuytren
chirugicala
REDORILE
ARTICULARE Kinetoterapie Leziunile musculo-tendinoase: rupture, hematom,
calcificare, scleroza, inflamatie
Redorile
dobandite
Mecanismele de
Leziunile capsuloligamentare: leziuni traumatice directe si
producere al leziuni inflamatorii
redorilor
4 5
AFECTIUNILE ARTICULARE