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PARATIROIDEI
RAPEL ANATOMIC
Dimen. = 3/3/3 mm
Greutate = 50 mg
Gl. Parat. Sup -
punga branhială IV
Gl. parat. inf. şi
timusul - punga
branhială III -
variabile
RAPEL ANATOMIC
RAPEL ANATOMIC
Fiziopatologie
• 1849 – Owen: descoperă glandele paratiroide la rinocer
– manifestari osteo-articulare
– renale
– digestive
– neuropsihice
Hiperparatiroidismul primar (HPP)
• Carcinomul – 0,5-5%
– Invazie rapidă a structurilor vecine, metastazare
limfonoduli cervicali, mediastinali, plămân, ficat, oase
Formula anamnestică a lui Walter Goar:
“Hiperparatiroidismul este o boală a calculilor, a oaselor şi a
tulburărilor digestive”
I-123 Tomo
Tomodensitométrie
• F/B = 1
• sindrom hipercalcemic osos şi urinar, cu valori
„masive” atât ale calcemiei cât şi ale iPTH
• evoluţie lentă dar capricioasă - tendinţă la
complicaţii severe:
– crize hipercalcemice
– episoade acute de pancreatită
– hemoragii recurente, perforaţii ulceroase
– fracturi multiple
Carcinomul paratiroidian
MIRP
Abord minim invaziv
videoasistat
WebSurg
HIPERPARATIROIDISMUL RECURENT
– Etapă chirurgicală :
• Tratamentul:
– Conservator
– Transplantul renal – nivelul PTH revine la normal
– Chirurgical – persistă hipersecreţia autonomă de
PTH (adenom), în condiţiile unui rinichi
transplantat care funcţionează bine
HPP – MEN I şi IIA
• MEN I (sindrom Wermer):
• tumori hipofizare (15-50%), ale pancreasului
endocrin (30-80%), paratiroidelor
• Anomalie genetică – braţul lung
cromozomul 11
16%
47 adenoamas
10 hyperplasies
4 parathyroid carcinomas
77%
1960 - 2000
25 adenoamas
2 parathyroid carcinomas
1 hyperplasia
Laboratory tests:
- Ca, P, Cl, Alcaline phosphatase, PTH
427
56
88
529
108
857
635
354
2001 – 2008
• Group II - 33 parathyroid tumors
22 adenomas
2 carcinomas
9 hyperplasias
27%
adenomas
carcinomas
6% hyperplasia
67%
31
2
0
HPP
HPS
HPT
47,5%
52,5%
URBAN RURAL
• Women / Men = 2.75 / 1
• Mean age = 43.5 years old (29-69 years old)
– carcinomas (43.48 years old)
27%
73%
women men
Clinic diagnosis: Calcium
- Osteo-articular symptoms
- Renal symptoms 1,45
4,38 5,69
1,4
- Digestive symptoms
2,56
3,2 5,55
3,4
6,47
6,05
PTH - 526,42
102 754
221 524
154 853
125 1221
956
426 1180
215 384
55 645
167
354 670
88 222
857 1083
954 1100 1283
123177,2
218 622,9
58,7
Imagistic findings:
• ultrasound exam – 33 cases
• CT (8 cases)
• scintigraphy Tc 99 MIBI – 33 cases
• Intraoperative echography – 3 cases
Adenoma
Adenoma
Adenoma
Adenoma
Hyperplasia
Parathyroid adenoma
20 min 2h
Parathyroid hyperplasia
20 min 2h
Surgical procedures:
• Benignant
– Adenomas resection 22 cases (1 case bilateral)
– Near-total resection 7 cases
– Total resection 2 cases (parathyroid gland reinsertion)
– Associated procedures:
- total thyroidectomy – 5 cases
- right hemithyroidectomy – 2 cases
- left hemithyroidectomy – 1 case
- thymectomy – 1 case
• Malignant
– Total Parathyroidectomy assoc. with Total Thyroidectomy
• Postoperative morbidity rate = 0
• Postoperative mortality rate = 0
♀, 29 years old
- Pregnancy 33 weeks
- 4.2 / 3 cm; 8.4 g
Surgical procedure:
Resection of the adenoma
Surgical procedures:
1) Resection of pituitary gland adenoma
2) Resection of parathyroid gland adenoma
M.D., woman, 58 old years
2007 – multiple fractures due to
osteoporosis
Preoperative lab tests:
Ca 21 mmol / L (n 1.12-1.32)
Uree 58 mg / dL (n < 45)
Creat 1.61 mg / dL (n < 1.10)
FA 472 U / L (n < 140)
PTH 645 pg / mL (n < 69)
Intraoperative view
25 700
1-st postoperative day 21 645
600
20
Ca = 1.30 mmol / L (n 1.12-1.32) 500
PTH = 11.6 pg / mL (n < 69) 15 400
10 300
200
5
100
1.30
1,3
0 0 11,6
MEN
Insulinoma
Parathyroid adenoma
Scintigraphy with 99m-Tc-MIBI
20 min 2h
MEN
Insulinoma
Parathyroid adenoma
Insulinoma (HE, ob. x 10) Insulinoma (van Gieson, ob. x 10)
SG
SG
SG
Parathyroid adenoma:
T – transitional cell; P – principal cell; SG – secretory granules
800x
G
G
1100x 3400x
1100x 1650x
Near total
parathyroidectomy
Parathyroid gland with oxyphillic adenoma and interstitial oedema
Parathyroid adenoma (HE, ob. x 10): principal cells, clear cytoplasmatic
cells, homogenous nuclei
Parathyroid adenoma (vanGieson, ob. x 4)
extracapsular – atrofic parathyroid gland
Parathyroid adenoma (HE, ob. x 10): Parathyroid adenoma (vanGieson, ob. x 4)
partial infiltration of the capsula partial infiltration of the capsula
Parathyroid carcinoma (HE, ob. x 10): Parathyroid carcinoma (HE, ob. x 4):
vascular neoplastic embolus capsular invasion + vascular malignant
embolus
Parathyroid adenoma and thyroid cancer
Thyroid micropapillary cancer Parathyroid adenoma
(HE, ob. x 4) (HE, ob. x 4)
1100x
P C C
P
SG
SG
1650x
SG
Parathyroid adenoma:
P – principal cell; C – clear cell; SG –
secretory granules
4400x
P
SG
Parathyroid adenoma:
P – principal cell; SG – secretory granules
1100x
• Chirurgia este principala formă de tratament în
tumorile paratiroidiene