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1.SULFONILUREICE
-cresc secretia pancreatica, se numesc secretagoge
-mecanism: canalul K-atp e inchis prin legarea unei molecule atp la SUR 1(receptor-
sulfonil ureic)
-preparate: gen 2: glipizid; gen 3: glimepirid;
-ef sec:hipoGli, crestere in greutate, react alergice, esec secundar prin epuizare
rezerva B-celulara insulinica
-C.ind:dz tip 1, sarcina, alaptare, insuf hepat, renala
2.BIGUANIDE
-reduc insulino-rezistenta, cresc captarea de glucoza periferica;
-medicament antihiperglicemiant, NU hipoglicemiant!
-mecanism: favorizeaza activitate GLUT-4, glicoliza anaeroba, inhiba status pro-
inflamator si protrombotic=> scade risc CV;
-preparate:metformin, butformin
-ef sec: digestive-greata, varsaturi, balonari, dureri abd, deficit B12, acidoza
lactiva-cand nu sunt respectate C.ind;
-C.ind: insuficienta hepatica, renala, cardiaca, respir, investigatii subst
contrast, anestezie gen;
2.2.TIAZOLIDINDIONE(glitazonele)
-reduc insulino-rezistenta, mai ales periferic;
-mecanism:se leaga la PPAR y(gamma);
-preparate:pioglitazona, troglitazona;
-ef. sec: crestere ponderala, retentie hidro-salina=> agravare ICC, edem macular,
risc fractura de sold(osteopenie)?:
-C.ind:dz tip 1, sarcina, alaptare, APP de ICC/SCA, afectiuni hepatice;
3.INHIBITORI DE A-GLUCOZIDAZA
-mecanism:inhiba A-glucozidaza intestinala=>reduce si intarzie absorbtia
intestinala=>reduc hiperglicemia postprandiala;
-preparate:acarboza
-ef. sec: flatulenta, diaree, dureri abd;
-C.ind:sarcina, alaptare, insuficienta renala, Crohn, RCUH;
5.INHIBITORI DE SGLT-2
-la nivelul tub contort proximal, 90% glucoza este reabsorbita de SGLt-2; 10% de
SGLT-1;
-mecanism: excretie a glucozei in exces;
-preparate: Dapaglifozina(Forxiga)
-efecte: scad HbA1c; scadere ponderala(70gr/zi=280kcal/zi); scadere TA(diureza
crescuta~375ml si excretie de Na); scad risc CV;
-ef. sec:risc infectii urinare, genitale; risc hipovolemie, deshidratare; risc
cetoacidoza euglicemica; risc gangrena Fournier;